Classification society DNV on Saturday (7 December) shared a statutory news article that provides a summary of the 109th session of the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) Maritime Safety Committee (MSC 109) including adopted amendments to the IGC Code to enable the use of ammonia cargo as fuel and approved draft interim guidelines for ammonia as a marine fuel.

The following is an excerpt from the news update relating to bunker fuels:

The 109th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee (MSC 109) was held from 2 to 6 December 2024. Amendments to the IGC Code to enable the use of ammonia cargo as fuel were adopted, and interim guidelines for the general use of ammonia as fuel were approved. The IGF Code was amended to improve the safety of ships using natural gas as fuel. MSC 109 further approved draft SOLAS amendments to enhance the safety of pilot transfer arrangements and progress was made on the new safety code for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships.

Meeting highlights

• Adopted amendments to the IGC Code to enable the use of ammonia cargo as fuel
• Adopted amendments to the IGF Code for ships using natural gas as fuel
• Approved draft interim guidelines for ammonia as fuel
• Approved draft amendments to SOLAS Regulation V/23 and the related performance standards to improve the safety of pilot transfer arrangements
• Advanced the non-mandatory Code on Maritime Autono- mous Surface Ships (MASS)

Amendments to mandatory instruments 

Ammonia cargo as fuel (IGC Code) MSC 109 adopted amendments to Paragraph 16.9.2 of the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code) to enable the use of ammonia as fuel on ammonia carriers.

An MSC circular to encourage the voluntary early implementation of the amendments to Chapter 16 was approved. 

The amendments will enter into force on 1 July 2026.

Safety of ships using natural gas as fuel (IGF Code)

MSC 109 adopted amendments to the International Code of Safety for Ships Using Gases or Other Low-flashpoint Fuels (IGF Code), based on experience with the code since its entry into force in 2017.

The amendments include:

• Clarified application provisions
• Alignment with the IGC Code on suction wells for fuel tanks extending below the lowermost boundary of the tank
• Alignment with the IGC Code on discharge from pressure relief valves to discharge to tanks under certain conditions
• Clarified requirements to fire insulation for deck structures in relation to fuel tanks on open deck
• Clarified requirements for hazardous ducts through non-hazardous spaces and vice versa
• Updated requirements for the hazardous zone radius for fuel tank vent mast outlets, increasing to 6 metres for zone 1 and 4 metres for zone 2

The amendments will enter into force on 1 January 2028.

Goal-based new ship construction standards

Goal-based standards (GBS) for the new construction of bulk carriers and oil tankers are, conceptually, the IMO’s rules for class rules. Under the GBS, IMO auditors use guidelines to verify the construction rules for bulk carriers and oil tankers of class societies acting as Recognized Organizations (Resolution MSC.454(100)).

Initial GBS verification of Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI) BKI has requested GBS verification of their ship construction rules for bulk carries and oil tankers. MSC 109 agreed that the BKI rules comply with the GBS, provided non-conformities and observations are rectified and verified in a new audit.

North Atlantic wave data (IACS Recommendation No. 34, Revision 2) MSC 109 noted that IACS is currently undertaking a review of its Common Structural Rules (CSR) for bulk carriers and oil

tankers to reflect advances in data, materials, technologies and calculation methodologies. The CSR are implemented in the individual class rules of the IACS members, which are subject to compliance with the GBS.

MSC 109 further noted that IACS has now issued a revision of the North Atlantic wave data to ensure more scientific data as a basis for the rule formulas in the CSR. The new scatter diagram in Revision 2 of IACS Recommendation No. 34 shows the probability of occurrence of different sea states and is based on wave data from advanced hindcast wave models combined with ships’ AIS data for all SOLAS vessels in the period from 2013 to 2020.

MSC 109 agreed that an observation from the initial CSR audit in 2015, that the scatter diagram in Revision 1 of IACS Recommendation No. 34 was based on past statistics, was now considered addressed.

MSC 109 further invited IACS to provide more information about the assumptions, modelling and technical background for Revision 2 of IACS Recommendation No. 34, and agreed that the GBS audit of the revision to follow should be carried out in conjunction with the consequential rule changes in the CSR.

New technologies and alternative fuels 

Identification of gaps in current IMO instruments MSC 109 continued its consideration of potential alternative fuels and new technologies to support the reduction of GHG emissions from ships from a safety perspective. The intention is to identify safety obstacles, barriers and gaps in the current IMO instruments that may impede the use of the various alter- native fuels and new technologies.

MSC 109 agreed to add “swappable traction lithium-ion battery containers” to the list of alternative fuels and new technologies. The list already includes fuels and technologies such as ammonia, hydrogen, fuel cell power installations, nuclear power, solar power, wind power, lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitor energy storage technology.

Recommendations to address each of the identified barriers and gaps in the IMO regulatory framework will be considered in a Correspondence Group until MSC 110 (June 2025). Application of the IGF Code

MSC 109 agreed on draft amendments to SOLAS to clarify that the IGF Code applies to ships using gaseous fuels, whether they are low-flashpoint or not. The term “gaseous fuels” was added to the definitions in SOLAS Regulation II-1/2 and to the application provisions of SOLAS Regulations II-1/56 and 57.

The draft amendments are expected to enter into force on 1 January 2027, subject to adoption by MSC 110 (June 2025).

Carriage of cargoes and containers

Ammonia as fuel

MSC 109 approved draft interim guidelines for the safety of ships using ammonia as fuel.

Ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk (IGC Code)

MSC approved draft amendments to the IGC Code to incorporate the large number of Unified Interpretations developed since the latest major review of the code, which entered into force in 2016. The primary objective of the draft amendments is to remove ambiguity and promote the consistent implementation of the IGC Code requirements.

Photo credit: CHUTTERSNAP on Unsplash
Published: 9 December, 2024

Classification society DNV on Thursday (5 December) said compliance with FuelEU Maritime requirements will be expensive but applying certain strategies can significantly reduce the cost.

This was one of the main highlights of its latest white paper outlining FuelEU Maritime requirements and compliance strategies for shipowners. 

Effective from 1 January 2025, the rules mandate stringent greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity requirements for ships over 5,000 gross tonnage (GT) transporting cargo or passengers for commercial purposes in the EU/ EEA. GHG emissions are calculated from a well-to-wake perspective. In addition to emissions from onboard combustion, this calculation also includes emissions related to the extraction, cultivation, production, and transport of the fuel. 

The regulation includes provisions for crediting ships using wind-assisted propulsion.

The DNV paper provides shipowners with insights to reduce compliance expenses and avoid major penalties. It contains a comprehensive overview of the regulation, including a case study which highlights a range of different compliance strategies. 

This shows how the adoption of the most cost-effective strategy can result in savings of up to 16% or USD 21 million over a vessel’s lifetime compared to using Bio-MGO as a compliance option.

Knut Ørbeck-Nilssen, DNV Maritime CEO, said: “It is essential that shipowners understand the requirements and compliance options related to the FuelEU Maritime regulation to make informed business decisions. Adopting a cost-efficient strategy with the right combination of measures can help shipowners reach compliance at reduced costs.

“Just paying the penalty could prove a more costly option. All parties must understand their potential obligations and privileges, and how these might affect their commercial and compliance agreements. Crucial to this is verified emissions data, which can maintain operational and commercial integrity across the maritime value chain.”

The report provides recommendations for shipowners including securing long-term fuel agreements and implementing energy efficiency measures. It also recommends considering pooling as a mechanism for sharing and optimizing costs. This is underpinned by a call to begin preparations immediately. The report also highlights how, by leveraging digital tools, maritime stakeholders can access verified emissions data, a key factor in compliance and maintaining both operational and commercial integrity throughout the value chain.

A key point emphasized in the report is that the International Maritime Organization is also set to introduce similar regulations in the near future, with a net-zero framework expected to be adopted in the fall of 2025 and come into force around mid-2027.

It is absolutely essential that shipowners understand the requirements and compliance options related to the FuelEU Maritime regulation so that they are equipped to make informed business decisions. Adopting a cost-efficient strategy with the right combination of measures can help shipowners reach compliance and significantly reduce costs.

“Doing nothing and paying the penalty could prove to be a costly option. All parties must understand their potential obligations and privileges, and how these might affect their commercial and compliance agreements. Crucial to this is verified emissions data, which can maintain operational and commercial integrity across the maritime value chain.”

The report provides recommendations for shipowners including securing long-term fuel agreements and implementing energy efficiency measures. It also recommends considering pooling as a mechanism for sharing and optimizing costs. This is underpinned by a call to begin preparations immediately. The report also highlights how, by leveraging digital tools, maritime stakeholders can access verified emissions data, a key factor in compliance and maintaining both operational and commercial integrity throughout the value chain.

A key point emphasized in the report is that the International Maritime Organization is also set to introduce similar regulations in the near future, with a net-zero framework expected to be adopted in the second half of 2025 and come into force around mid-2027.

Note: The full whitepaper titled ‘FuelEU Maritime: Requirements, compliance strategies, and commercial impacts’ by DNV can be downloaded here.

Photo credit: DNV
Published: 6 December, 2024

Mitsui OSK Lines, Ltd. (MOL) on Tuesday (26 November) announced it signed a comprehensive memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) to deepen cooperation in the fields of decarbonisation, digitalisation, and human resources development including alternative bunker fuels. 

MOL and MPA have been cooperating in various initiatives to decarbonise the maritime industry, the new agreement will further promote these initiatives in a wide range of fields.

Specifically, the scope of the MoU covers the following: 

• Collaboration in the field of decarbonisation in the maritime industry in general.

Mutual collaboration to establish a supply system for next-generation alternative bunker fuels such as methanol, ammonia, and hydrogen. The collaboration will also include study on the use of wind technology.

• Digitalisation and maritime innovation.

Improving voyage management and efficiency of transport operations through digitalisation, including development of cybersecurity, collaboration on autonomous vessel trials, and nurturing marine innovation ecosystem that emphasises collaboration with local startups.

• Joint development of maritime human resources.

Grow and enhance manpower capabilities, including grooming seafarers and shore-based workforce.

MOL will continue its group-wide concerted effort, in close cooperation with MPA and other major maritime sectors, to achieve sustainable GHG net-zero emissions and contribute to the realisation of a decarbonised society.

MPA Chief Executive Teo Eng Dih, said: “This MoU reaffirms MPA and MOL’s longstanding collaboration. As a maritime hub port, supported by our innovation and research ecosystem, MPA is working closely with industry and tripartite partners to support digitalisation, cybersecurity, decarbonisation and manpower capabilities. We look forward to MOL’s expansion of activities, tapping on both our experience and expertise, to develop scalable solutions for the SingaporeJapan Green and Digital Shipping Corridor and the wider maritime community.”

MOL President & CEO Takeshi Hashimoto, said: “We have been focusing on the fields of decarbonisation, digitalisation, and human resources development, which we have decided to deepen cooperation with MPA this time.

MPA is committed to working hard to create a sustainable maritime industry in Singapore, the hub of the maritime industry. We pay our respect to MPA for its enthusiasm and energy. The fields of bilateral cooperation are also a challenge for the maritime industry as a whole, and I hope we can increase the feasibility by working together as like-minded people.

We are confident that the establishment of this comprehensive cooperative relationship will contribute to the maritime industry in general.”

MOL’s recent cooperation with MPA includes joining a MPA-led Green & Digital Shipping Corridors (GDSC) and joining MPA’s initiative in the Maritime Energy Training Facility (METF) to promote training for seafarers involved in next-generation fuel such as ammonia, which reduces carbon emissions.

Photo credit: Mitsui OSK Lines
Published: 27 November, 2024