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Fortescue successfully conducts world’s first ammonia bunker fuel trial in Singapore

Five cubic metres of liquid ammonia used for the fuel trial was supplied by Vopak; ship received flag approval from SRS and ‘Gas Fuelled Ammonia’ notation by DNV.

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Fortescue successfully conducts world’s first ammonia bunker fuel trial in Singapore

Fortescue has successfully conducted the world’s first use of ammonia, in combination with diesel in the combustion process, as a marine fuel onboard the Singapore-flagged ammonia-powered vessel Fortescue Green Pioneer in the Port of Singapore, says Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) and the Australian mining firm on Friday (15 March.)

The Fortescue Green Pioneer was loaded with liquid ammonia from the existing ammonia facility at Vopak Banyan Terminal on Jurong Island for the fuel trial.

In completing the fuel trial, the Fortescue Green Pioneer has also received flag approval from the Singapore Registry of Ships (SRS) and the “Gas Fuelled Ammonia” notation by classification society DNV to use ammonia, in combination with diesel, as a marine fuel.

The five cubic metres (three tonnes) of liquid ammonia used for the fuel trial was supplied by Vopak using its existing infrastructure at the 10,000m3 Vopak Banyan Terminal on Jurong Island. 

As part of the risk management, extensive pre-operations, safety checks and tests were conducted. 

A second tranche of three tonnes of liquid ammonia will be loaded for the Fortescue Green Pioneer to conduct further tests and trials over the next few weeks.

The ammonia fuel loading, a first for Vopak globally using its existing infrastructure in Singapore, reaffirms the potential for using existing and similar ammonia infrastructure cost- effectively by terminals globally to support the operationalisation, commercialisation and progressive scale-up of ammonia as a marine fuel for international shipping.

The Fortescue Green Pioneer started its journey towards becoming the world’s first ocean-going ammonia-powered vessel in 2022 when Fortescue successfully converted a four-stroke engine to run on ammonia, in combination with diesel, at its land-based testing facility in Perth, Western Australia.

Following the success of the land-based testing, conversion work commenced on the vessel at Seatrium’s Benoi yard from July 2023. This included the installation of the gas fuel delivery system, safety systems and infrastructure, and the successful conversion of two of the vessel’s four engines to enable the use of ammonia, combined with diesel in the combustion process, to power the vessel. The two remaining engines onboard the Fortescue Green Pioneer will operate on conventional fuels when required.

In preparation for the vessel’s operations in Singapore, Hazard Identification Study and Hazard and Operability Study workshops were jointly organised by MPA, Fortescue, Vopak, research institutes, and industry partners to identify the potential risks during fuel transfer and engine trials and to develop the necessary prevention, control, and mitigation measures.

Trainings, including gas-specific Hazardous Materials emergency responses, and MPA-led safety drills, were also conducted to assess the operational readiness and preparedness of crew during an incident. All crew attained the necessary proficiencies on the new enhanced procedures prior to the conduct of the trials.

An ammonia plume model was jointly developed by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research’s Institute of High Performance Computing (A*STAR’s IHPC), Nanyang Technological University’s Maritime Energy and Sustainable Development Centre of Excellence (MESD), the Technology Centre for Offshore and Marine, Singapore (TCOMS), and the National University of Singapore’s Tropical Marine Science Institute (TMSI) to determine the safety envelope, model the dispersion of an ammonia plume in an event of an incident, and to support the safety and incident response planning. 

The model, which accounted for the Fortescue Green Pioneer’s vessel and engine design parameters, behaviour of ammonia within Singapore’s tropical climate, sea current conditions, and surrounding vessels, infrastructure, and geometries, was used to guide the operations. It will be continually enhanced as operations for new maritime fuels scale up in the Port of Singapore.

First Ammonia Fuel Trial in Singapore

An Emergency Operations Centre was also set up at MPA’s Port Operations Control Centre for representatives of MPA, Fortescue, Vopak, research institutes, and government agencies to monitor the operations, which was supported by a drone-enabled live stream operated by Skyports Drone Services.

The fuel trial was conducted over a period of seven weeks and included rigorous testing of the Fortescue Green Pioneer’s ammonia storage systems, associated piping, gas fuel delivery system, retrofitted engines, and seaworthiness. The tests were conducted in phases to ensure safe port operations and safety for crew members and engineers who have completed a series of rigorous training sessions since October 2023. 

As part of the safety protocols for the conduct of these tests, crew members also donned personal protection equipment such as chemical protection suits, nitrile chemical gloves, rubber boots, positive pressure mask and hood, and portable gas detectors for the relevant operations.

The two four-stroke retrofitted engines served as proxy for the commercialisation of ammonia-fuelled marine engines under development globally. The post-combustion nitrogen oxide (NOx) levels met the local air quality standard, while efforts to reduce the pilot fuel for combustion ignition and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions post-combustion will continue as more ammonia-fuelled marine engines and ammonia sources with lower greenhouse gas emissions become available.

Classification by DNV

Fortescue engaged DNV to be part of the innovation process from the very early stages of this project. 

The Fortescue Green Pioneer’s ammonia fuel systems and engine conversion received class approval by DNV based on DNV’s Technology Qualification process to ensure that the new technology and systems fitted onboard, which were not covered under existing regulations, will function within specified limits and acceptable levels of confidence.

Prior to issuance of the relevant statutory certificates by DNV on behalf of the Singapore Registry of Ships, MPA worked closely with DNV and Fortescue on the technical assessment of the vessel and the approval process of the vessel’s ammonia safety systems and design under the SOLAS regulation2 on alternative design and arrangements.

Milestone for International Shipping

Following the world’s first ship-to-containership methanol bunkering operation in Singapore in July 2023 and the implementation of digital bunkering operations from November 2023, the successful conduct of this ammonia fuel trial on board the Fortescue Green Pioneer marks a significant milestone in Singapore’s multi-fuel bunkering capability development to support the digitalisation, decarbonisation, and manpower development for international shipping. 

The collective support provided for such trials also demonstrates the facilitative regulatory environment, and the strong research and tripartite ecosystem in Singapore to support the conduct of trials and scale-up operations for new maritime fuels. 

Shortlisted consortia from an earlier Expression of Interest for an ammonia power generation and bunkering solution on Jurong Island are currently involved in a closed Request for Proposal exercise to select a lead developer for the project.

MPA and Fortescue will present key learning points from the trials at suitable platforms as well as at other international fora in the future.

Mr Teo Eng Dih, Chief Executive, MPA, said, “The safe conduct of this fuel trial supports the holistic assessment of the use of ammonia as a marine fuel, and the development of standards and safety procedures. This will inform the crew training, emergency and bunkering procedures which MPA, agencies and the tripartite community are developing in support of making available safe and cost-efficient solutions as MaritimeSG and the international shipping community undergo the energy transition.”

Related: Singapore bunkering sector enters milestone with first methanol marine refuelling op
Related: MPA Chief Executive: Port of Singapore begins digital bunkering initiative today
Related: SMW 2023: EOI for ammonia power generation and bunkering closing by 30 April

 

Photo credit: Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore
Published: 15 March 2024

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Interview

DNV: Maritime in APAC undergoes ‘transformative change’ towards growth, sustainability

Newly appointed Senior Vice President & Regional Manager, South East Asia, Pacific & India, Maritime at DNV, Antony DSouza shares the firm’s role in shaping the future of maritime of APAC.

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Newly appointed Regional President & Director of DNV for Southeast Asia, Pacific and Indian Subcontinent Antony DSouza

DNV SVP & Regional Manager, Antony M Dsouza who recently moved to Singapore takes time to speak with bunkering publication Manifold Times to share his thoughts on maritime decarbonisation trends for the APAC region:

MT: How has your first few months as the newly appointed Regional Manager been?

It’s been an exciting and rewarding start. While the maritime business is global in nature, each region brings its own unique dynamics, opportunities, and challenges. Over the past few months, I’ve focused on immersing myself in the region—meeting with clients, engaging with industry stakeholders, and participating in key conferences and forums. These interactions have been invaluable in helping me understand the specific needs and priorities of the Southeast Asia, Pacific, and Indian Subcontinent markets. My goal is to ensure that DNV continues to deliver high-impact, value-adding services tailored to our clients’ realities, while also playing a meaningful role in shaping a safer, smarter, and more sustainable maritime industry in the region.

MT: The maritime industry is going through a lot of change lately. What’s the most exciting trend or development you are seeing within Asia?

The maritime industry across Asia is indeed undergoing transformative change, driven by decarbonization, digitalization, and evolving trade dynamics.

One of the most exciting trends I see emerging in the region is the accelerating momentum towards green shipping and clean energy transition. Governments, ports, and shipowners across Asia are increasingly committing to net-zero targets, investing in alternative fuels like ammonia, methanol, and LNG, and exploring electrification and hybrid solutions for short-sea shipping. This is not just a response to global regulatory pressure but a reflection of the region’s proactive stance in shaping the future of sustainable maritime transport.

Recent outcomes from MEPC 83 have further reinforced this direction. The adoption of new measures, including a greenhouse gas (GHG) fuel-intensity standard coupled with a global pricing and reward mechanism, marks a critical step toward regulatory clarity and accelerating innovation and adoption of low-carbon technologies across Asia.

At the same time, digital transformation is gaining pace. From smart port infrastructure to the adoption of advanced analytics, AI, and remote surveys, digitalization is improving efficiency, safety, and transparency across the value chain. Asia is uniquely positioned to lead in this space due to its strong manufacturing base, tech innovation hubs, and rapidly growing digital ecosystems.

What excites me most is how these trends are converging. The shift towards greener operations is being enabled and accelerated by digital tools, while regional collaboration—such as green shipping corridors and harmonized standards—is becoming more prominent. At DNV, we are actively working with stakeholders across the maritime value chain to navigate these changes, build confidence in new technologies, and support the industry’s transition towards a more sustainable and resilient future.

MT: Sustainability is a big topic in maritime — what’s one small but impactful step you think Asia can do to contribute?

Sustainability is indeed front and centre in the maritime sector, and while large-scale initiatives often dominate the conversation, I believe small, consistent steps can be just as powerful.

One impactful step Asia can take is to focus on greater regional collaboration around data transparency and emissions reporting. By encouraging ports, operators, and logistics partners to share standardized emissions data and operational efficiency metrics, we can build a stronger foundation for decision-making and accelerate the shift to cleaner practices.

This doesn’t require massive investment, but rather a shared commitment to transparency and collaboration. It empowers stakeholders, especially smaller players who may not have access to advanced decarbonization technologies, to benchmark, learn, and improve incrementally. Over time, this collective effort can create a ripple effect across the region, driving behavioural change, supporting regulatory alignment, and ultimately contributing meaningfully to global sustainability goals.

At DNV, we’re supporting this through our work in digital assurance, data validation, and advisory services, helping clients in Asia take practical, data-driven steps towards a more sustainable future.

MT: How is DNV assisting the decarbonization journey of Asian shipowners?

DNV plays a pivotal role in supporting Asian shipowners on their decarbonization journey by combining deep technical expertise, independent assurance, and a strong regional presence. We understand that decarbonization is not a one-size-fits-all process—each owner has different starting points, operating profiles, and investment horizons. That’s why we take a tailored, step-by-step approach to help our clients identify the most viable pathways toward compliance and competitiveness.

We established the Centre of Excellence for Maritime Decarbonization & Smart Shipping back in 2021, to strengthen our support for regional stakeholders. With expert teams based in Singapore, Australia, and India, the Centre serves as a regional hub for strategic advisory and technical support. We assist shipowners in navigating complex regulatory frameworks—including the IMO’s carbon intensity targets, the EU ETS, and FuelEU Maritime—while assessing fleet readiness and identifying optimal decarbonization pathways. The Centre has led key studies on topics such as ammonia bunkering safety, the future of seafarers, and green coastal shipping. It also provides tailored decarbonization plans and guidance on the adoption of alternative fuels and emerging technologies. Supported by digital tools like DNV’s ‘Pathway to Zero’ and the Veracity platform, we help shipowners model fuel scenarios, evaluate technology options, and make confident, data-driven investment decisions.

DNV is also actively working on joint industry projects and pilots involving alternative fuels like ammonia, methanol, and LNG, as well as energy efficiency solutions such as wind-assisted propulsion and shore power integration. Our classification and certification services support the safe uptake of these technologies.

Finally, capacity building is key. We actively engage with regional stakeholders, including shipowners, ports, regulators, and academia through training, technical seminars, and knowledge-sharing forums to help build the ecosystem needed for a successful maritime transition to net zero.

By combining local insight with global best practices, DNV is committed to being a trusted partner in helping Asia’s maritime sector navigate the complex but necessary path toward decarbonization.

MT: Looking ahead, what is your one hope/ wish that you have for the APAC region?

My hope for the APAC region is that it continues to lead with ambition and collaboration in shaping a sustainable maritime future. Achieving decarbonization in the maritime industry requires the commitment of all stakeholders—not just shipowners and operators, but also private companies, industry experts, and policymakers. It is crucial for these groups to work together to address specific challenges such as technology development, financing models, and the regulatory framework needed to advance the sector.

With its diversity, scale, and innovation capacity, APAC has the potential to be a global catalyst for greener, safer, and smarter shipping—and DNV is committed to supporting that journey every step of the way.

 

Photo credit: DNV
Published: 7 July 2025

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Newbuilding

DNV: LNG remains top choice for alternative-fueled newbuild orders in H1 2025

LNG was the clear fuel of choice, accounting for 87 new vessels ordered, totaling 14.2 million GT so far in 2025 and the bunker fuel remains dominant in the container segment, with 13.6 million GT (81 vessels).

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DNV: LNG remains top choice for alternative-fueled newbuild orders in H1 2025

Ordering of alternative-fueled vessels is continuing to grow in 2025, despite a slowdown in the overall newbuild market, classification society DNV said Tuesday (1 July). 

According to data from DNV’s Alternative Fuels Insight (AFI) platform, new orders for alternative-fueled vessels reached 19.8 million gross tonnes (GT) in the first six months of 2025, exceeding the 2024 figure by 78%. 

This marks a significant shift in capital allocation, as shipowners increasingly prioritize future-ready assets in response to regulatory pressure, fuel availability, and long-term decarbonization goals.

A total of 151 alternative-fueled vessels were ordered in the first half of 2025, slightly behind the 179 orders placed during the first six months of 2024. Even so, the overall GT has increased markedly, showing a 78% year-on-year growth driven mainly by activity in the container segment, but with notable orders also in the bulker, tanker and RoPax segments. 

This concentration suggests that some of the industry’s most commercially exposed and operationally complex segments are now leading the charge, reinforcing the view that alternative fuels are no longer a fringe strategy, but a mainstream investment decision.

Knut Ørbeck-Nilssen, CEO Maritime at DNV, said: “We’re seeing a broader shift take hold across the industry. The energy transition is no longer driven solely by first movers, it’s now being shaped by a second wave of shipowners who are integrating alternative fuels and technologies into their core strategies.

“Even in a slower newbuild market, fuel choices are diversifying, and decarbonization is becoming embedded in everyday decision-making. We expect that fuel choices and energy efficiency investments will accelerate as the regulatory framework becomes clearer over the next 4-10 months.”

LNG was the clear fuel of choice, accounting for 87 new vessels ordered, totaling 14.2 million GT so far in 2025. The fuel remains dominant in the container segment, with 13.6 million GT (81 vessels). Methanol has also shown strong momentum, with 4.6 million GT (40 vessels) ordered across the container, RoPax, tanker, offshore, and car carrier segments. 

Ammonia and hydrogen, while still niche, continue to register activity, suggesting early-stage confidence in their long-term potential. Three ammonia-fueled were added to the orderbook, primarily in the tanker and general cargo segments (37.000 GT total). Hydrogen made a return with four vessels (114.000 GT) currently on order.

Jason Stefanatos, Global Decarbonization Director at DNV, added: “The data reflects a sector that is actively recalibrating. We’re not seeing a slowdown in ambition, but rather a more measured approach to investment—one that balances optionality, compliance readiness, and long-term fuel strategy. 

“As shipowners weigh compliance strategies, the upcoming fuel intensity rules, which form part of the IMO’s Net-Zero Framework, are expected to accelerate this shift. We’re watching closely to see how this will be reflected in future ordering behavior, particularly as fuel availability and infrastructure evolve, and we get further regulatory clarity when IMO’s lifecycle assessment guidelines are decided.”

Supporting infrastructure is also evolving in parallel with vessel investments. In the first half of 2025, 13 LNG bunkering vessels were ordered, compared to 62 in operation globally, with February marking the strongest month for this segment with eight orders. This growth reflects a steady alignment between alternative-fuelled vessel orders and the supporting logistics required to scale their use, particularly for LNG, where bunkering capacity is becoming a critical enabler of continued adoption.

 

Photo credit: DNV
Published: 2 July, 2025

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Ammonia

Fortescue and partners complete digital fuel certificate pilot for ammonia bunkering

GH2, Fortescue and Trovio successfully completed the issuance of the world’s first digital fuel certificate for an ammonia-to-ship transfer involving Fortescue “Green Pioneer” in Port of Rotterdam.

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Fortescue and partners complete digital fuel certificate pilot for ammonia bunkering

International non-profit foundation Green Hydrogen Organisation (GH2) on Tuesday (24 June) said it has successfully completed the issuance of the world’s first digital fuel certificate for an ammonia-to-ship transfer, in collaboration with Trovio and Fortescue. 

The transaction involved the Fortescue Green Pioneer, the first ocean-going dual-fuelled ammonia powered vessel, during a recent fuel transfer operation at the Port of Rotterdam.

The certificate—issued via Trovio’s CorTenX registry platform—marks a breakthrough in the development of systems to trace and verify new marine fuels for the energy transition. Capturing immutable, granular data on the sustainability attributes of the fuel, including its origin, handling, and transfer specifics, the digital certificate provides auditable transparency and reinforces trust across the supply chain.

“This pilot proves how CorTenX can serve as the backbone for a scalable and interoperable registry system that empowers the green fuel transition,” said Jon Deane, CEO of Trovio. 

“By digitising the fuel lifecycle and enabling automated compliance, we reduce friction, increase integrity, and accelerate global adoption of zero-emission fuels.”

“Following the International Maritime Organization’s groundbreaking agreement in April on mandatory emissions limits and GHG pricing for global shipping, green fuel producers have received an important signal to supply the industry,” said Jonas Moberg, CEO of GH2. 

“It is essential that systems are put in place not only to capture the volumes but the key environmental attributes of fuels such as e-ammonia made from renewables. The recent pilot shows we are ready to record those attributes as soon as the fuels start being delivered to ships.”

“This pilot marks a key step in scaling the infrastructure required for zero-emission fuels. As the first company to complete an ammonia-to-ship fuel transfer with full digital certification, Fortescue is not only advancing the physical deployment of green fuels but also setting new benchmarks for transparency and traceability,” said Andrew Hoare, Fortescue’s Head of Green Shipping.

“Partnering with Trovio and GH2, we’ve demonstrated that digital registries like CorTenX can underpin robust, auditable verification of sustainability attributes—critical for regulatory alignment, stakeholder trust, and emissions accounting. This is about proving what’s possible and accelerating what’s necessary.”

While significant attention has been directed towards the engineering and safety protocols surrounding ammonia as a maritime fuel, the foundation said this transaction highlighted the critical role of digital infrastructure in enabling scale. 

The CorTenX platform records end-to-end supply chain data, including port and vessel details, transaction timestamp, and associated sustainability metrics put in place by regulators like the IMO, national governments or voluntary initiatives such as the Green Hydrogen Standard.

Photo credit: Fortescue
Published: 25 June, 2025

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