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Sustainable Shipping Initiative: Decarbonising shipping- sustainability

Shipping industry needs to end its reliance on fossil fuels and shift to zero and low carbon bunker fuels, alongside technical and operational energy efficiency measures.

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Secretariat

Andreea Miu and Elizabeth Petit Gonzalez from the Secretariat of the Sustainable Shipping Initiative (SSI) recently discussed the sustainability of shipping decarbonisation in an article.

Decarbonising shipping isn’t simply about replacing engines. The complete fuel supply chain needs to be considered too. 

There is no one-size-fits-all solution for shipping’s decarbonisation, but in order to set shipping on a path to fully decarbonise by 2050, the industry needs to end its reliance on fossil fuels and shift to zero and low carbon fuels, alongside technical and operational energy efficiency measures, improving resource use, and implementing alternative propulsion methods.

In its Fourth GHG study, the International Maritime Organization predicts that over 60% of emissions reduction efforts by 2050 will be achieved by zero and low carbon marine fuels such as electrofuels (e.g., ammonia and hydrogen) and biomass derived fuels (e.g., biodiesel and bio methane).

But what makes a fuel zero and low carbon?

A zero and low carbon fuel is generally associated with zero or low emissions at point of combustion onboard a vessel. When discussing the lifecycle of a fuel, emissions resulting from onboard combustion are referred to as ‘tank to wake’ emissions. 

Many fuels under consideration for shipping’s decarbonisation can be considered as having zero or low emissions when only this stage of the fuel’s lifecycle is taken into consideration. However, in order to fully understand if a fuel is zero and low emissions a broader approach that looks at the whole fuel value chain (well-to-wake) is needed.

Well-to-wake includes all the operations that a fuel has gone through before being applied onboard (well-to-tank) as well as the combustion or propulsion process (tank-to-wake). For biomass derived fuels this includes the collection of residues or the cultivation of biomass. 

For electrofuels it includes the production of electricity, which is in turn used to produce hydrogen for the fuel. For all fuel types, it includes production through various means, any conversion process (e.g. gas to liquid), transportation between facilities, storage and distribution to the point of bunkering, and finally, the combustion or propulsion process on-board the ship.

All lifecycle stages prior to bunkering create emissions and impact the world around them. Therefore, in order for a fuel to be sustainable and zero or low carbon, it must take into account impacts and emissions across the full well-to-wake lifecycle.

At the same time, low GHGs and carbon intensity only cover a fraction of the sustainability issues that should be addressed. A sustainable fuel must be environmentally, socially and economically sustainable, and underpinned by the continuous improvement of its sustainability performance.

The Sustainable Shipping Initiative (SSI) has been working to develop a set of sustainability criteria that can be applied to all zero and low carbon fuels alongside members including LR, Maersk, The China Navigation Company, and WWF, as well as academic partner Copenhagen Business School (CBS) Maritime.

The work has identified a set of fifteen issues that encompass environmental, social, and economic factors, with corresponding principles and criteria, to provide clarity around the sustainability concerns of zero and low carbon fuels, and to ensure that sustainability is addressed alongside availability, cost, and technical feasibility in decarbonisation discussions.

• Lifecycle Short lived Climate Forcers (SLFC) emissions
• Air quality
• Carbon source
• Electricity / Energy source
• Water
• Sustainable resource use
• Land use
• Ecological impacts
• Economic well being
• Social equity
• Social, labour, and human rights
• Food security
• Health, safety, and security
• Continuous improvement

Understanding sustainability issues from a lifecycle perspective allows for informed decision-making concerning value chain risks and helps direct choices for investment, purchase and consumption. 

Eventually, sustainability certification of zero and low carbon marine fuels can provide assurance to the organisations investing in zero and low carbon marine fuel options, promoting trust across the value chain, mitigating risk, and aiding in the selection of sustainable zero and low carbon options for shipping.

 

Photo credit: Maksym Kaharlytskyi from Unsplash
Published: 10 November, 2021

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Alternative Fuels

South Korea’s Polaris Shipping orders tri-fuel bulk carriers for Vale charter deal

Bulk carriers, which will be delivered sequentially from 2031, will be equipped with WinGD-developed engines capable of using methanol, ethanol and heavy fuel oil as marine fuels.

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South Korea’s Polaris Shipping orders tri-fuel bulk carriers for Vale charter deal

South Korean shipowner Polaris Shipping recently said it has signed a newbuilding contract for four tri-fuel vessels with Chinese shipbuilder Qingdao Beihai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry on 4 August.

The 210,000-dwt Newcastlemax bulk carriers, which will be delivered sequentially from 2031, will be equipped with WinGD-developed engines capable of using methanol, ethanol and heavy fuel oil as marine fuels.

The vessels are also designed as LNG- and ammonia-ready ships, allowing them to be converted to LNG or ammonia propulsion in the future.

Polaris Shipping also plans to significantly improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by applying various energy-saving technologies, including wind-assist propulsion systems, rotor sails, departure optimisation and land-based systems, to the vessels.

Polaris Shipping has completed a 25-year long-term charter contract for the bulk carriers with Brazilian iron ore producer Vale.

Polaris Shipping plans to sign construction contracts for up to four additional 210,000-dwt eco-friendly Newcastlemax bulk carriers with Chinese shipbuilder Hengli Heavy Industries in the near future. The Newcastlemax bulk carriers ordered from Hengli will be built as high-efficiency, environmentally friendly vessels to replace the company’s existing older bulk carriers.

 

Photo credit: Polaris Shipping
Published: 13 August, 2026

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Biofuel

MESD study finds existing Singapore harbour craft ready for B100 bio bunker fuel adoption

Results demonstrate the qualified readiness of existing large harbour craft in Singapore for B100 adoption, provided that appropriate fuel-handling, storage and additive practices are implemented.

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MESD study finds existing Singapore harbour craft ready for B100 bio bunker fuel adoption

Singapore’s Maritime Energy & Sustainable Development Centre of Excellence (MESD) on Wednesday (5 August) said the findings of its latest study indicate that existing large harbour craft in Singapore are ready for the adoption of B100 biodiesel, provided appropriate fuel handling, storage and additive practices are in place.

The findings were published in MESD’s public report, Study on the Readiness of Existing Large Harbour Craft for B100 Biodiesel in Singapore.

“Overall, the results demonstrate the qualified readiness of existing large harbour craft in Singapore for B100 adoption, provided that appropriate fuel-handling, storage and additive practices are implemented,” MESD said in a social media post. 

“This represents an important step towards supporting the wider adoption of sustainable marine fuels and advancing Singapore’s maritime decarbonisation journey.”

The study evaluated fuel storage stability, engine performance, emissions and operational readiness through controlled laboratory testing and sea trials involving a tugboat and a bunker tanker.

MESD said the findings are highly encouraging, which include:

  • Stable engine performance was maintained throughout the 200-hour sea trials, with no significant power loss, abnormal fuel-consumption trends or critical operational disruptions.
  • Antioxidant additives improved oxidation stability and helped reduce the risk of fuel degradation during storage.
  • B100 achieved brake thermal efficiency comparable to diesel, while producing lower carbon monoxide and particulate matter emissions, with a modest increase in nitrogen oxide emissions.

Led by the MESD, the study was conducted in collaboration with KST Maritime Pte Ltd, V-Bunkers Tankers, Alpha biofuels, Aderco, Maritec Naias and IHI Power Systems Co Ltd.

The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA)​ and the ​Singapore Maritime Institute (SMI)​ also contributed to the study. 

MESD added that further research on long-term engine endurance, fuel stability and material compatibility is ongoing under its FAME 1000 project, with a related public report expected to be released later this year.

Note: The report can be accessed here.

 

Photo credit: Maritime Energy & Sustainable Development Centre of Excellence
Published: 7 August, 2026

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Biofuel

SDHI wins order from Svitzer to build four biofuel-ready tugs

Indian shipbuilder says it has secured a contract from Svitzer to construct four advanced TRAnsverse 3200 tugs, which are up to 15% more fuel efficient than conventional tug designs.

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SDHI wins order from Svitzer to build four biofuel-ready tugs

Indian shipbuilder Swan Defence and Heavy Industries (SDHI) on Thursday (6 August) said it has secured a contract from Denmark-based towage operator Svitzer to construct four advanced TRAnsverse 3200 tugs. 

The Transverse 3200 tugs will be biofuel, IMO Tier III emissions standards, and FiFi1 firefighting class ready, reflecting the vessels’ capability for reduced environmental impact and enhanced fire-response readiness in port and terminal operations.

The vessels will be built at SDHI’s yard in Pipavav, Gujarat, adjacent to the port where Svitzer also has a harbour towage operation. Deliveries for the order are scheduled to commence in early 2028.

The contract follows an extensive competitive evaluation of leading global shipyards. The high specification vessels will be constructed to the Bureau Veritas class.

Co-developed by naval architects Robert Allan Ltd. and Svitzer, the patented TRAnsverse 3200 design is engineered for complex harbour towage and escort operations. 

Featuring a unique hydrodynamic hull design and omni-directional propulsion, the vessels are capable of safely guiding large ships through severe weather and restricted port channels. Delivering an 80-tonne bollard pull, the TRAnsverse design is up to 15% more fuel efficient than conventional tug designs, directly supporting global maritime decarbonization goals.

Rear Admiral Vipin Kumar Saxena IN (retd.), CEO, Swan Defence and Heavy Industries Limited (SDHI), said: “It is indeed a notable achievement for SDHI to construct one of the world’s most sophisticated towage vessels. Svitzer’s rigorous evaluation process reaffirms the strength of our engineering capabilities in the niche, high-specification vessel segment.”

Mr. Kasper Friis Nilaus, CEO, Svitzer, said: “Svitzer’s TRAnsverse tug design offers significant benefits to customers in terms of releasing operational constraints and improving port productivity, sustainability and safety margins. We are pleased to partner with SDHI to deliver four of these next-generation vessels to the benefit of our customers and maritime supply chains globally.”

 

Photo credit: Swan Defence and Heavy Industries
Published: 7 August, 2026

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