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FuelEU

Skuld on FuelEU Maritime: Early lessons from first year of compliance

Joe Bettles of Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping discusses the first FuelEU Maritime compliance results and what they indicate for the shipping industry.

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With the first FuelEU Maritime compliance data emerging after the inaugural year of greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity reporting for ships trading in the EU, marine insurer Skuld spoke with Joe Bettles, Climate Policy Manager and author of the Countdown newsletter at the Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping, to examine what the early results reveal: 

The first data on FuelEU Maritime compliance is now emerging, following the first year of reporting against greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity targets for shipping companies trading in the EU.

To better understand what the early results show, we spoke with Joe Bettles, Climate Policy Manager and author of the Countdown newsletter at the Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping (Center). The Center recently published its analysis of the first reporting year in the article “What did we learn from the first year of FuelEU?”

Under the regulation, shipowners have several options for compliance, including:

  • The pooling mechanism, which allows vessels with a compliance surplus to trade it with other vessels.
  • The borrowing mechanism, which allows companies to defer a compliance deficit to the following year for a 10% surcharge.
  • Meet the target by using low GHG intensity fuels.
  • Pay the FuelEU penalty (penalty).

Pooling becomes the preferred option

The first year of reporting indicates that pooling has quickly become the preferred choice. According to data from the European Commission, 92% of vessels used the pooling mechanism, while only 2% used borrowing. The remaining vessels either paid the penalty or met the target by using LNG or other low-GHG energy sources.

Commenting on the findings, Joe Bettles says: “Our insights from the first year of reporting indicate that shipping companies were able to comply with the targets, with most using the pooling mechanism. This shows that FuelEU is working as intended. As we approach the IMO’s upcoming discussion on the Net-Zero Framework (NZF), FuelEU demonstrates that it is possible for the global fleet to comply with a GHG intensity regulation using existing fuels and providing incentives for the uptake of cleaner energy sources.”

A developing market for compliance surplus

The Center’s article also reviews the different pooling platforms available to shipping companies seeking to meet their obligations under the regulation. The price of compliance surplus, averaging around EUR 208/tCO₂eq, remained relatively stable, suggesting that the market matured early, with buyers generally able to find sellers.

On the development of the pooling market, Joe notes: “The prices for trading compliance surpluses remained well below the EUR 640/tCO₂eq penalty for VLSFO, making the pooling mechanism significantly more attractive than paying the penalty.”

Fuel choices remain central to compliance

The role of fuel choice is also important. Looking at fuels supplied to the FuelEU market, the Center estimates that 3.22 million tCO₂eq of reductions, relative to an all-VLSFO fleet, will be required to meet the 2% reduction target between 2025 and 2029. Based on analysis of previous years’ fuel consumption, the Center indicates that LNG may have contributed around one-third of the required reduction. Biofuel blends account for the remainder, with biodiesel and bio-LNG dominating the low-GHG fuel mix.

Joe highlights how the pooling mechanism can help extend the impact of lower-GHG fuels across the fleet: “Although LNG is not a drop-in replacement for VLSFO, the pooling mechanism under FuelEU allows an LNG-fuelled vessel to share its over-compliance with other vessels that cannot physically use LNG. Depending on the engine type in the ship, LNG can remain compliant with the 14.5% reduction target through 2039 and can further extend its compliance through banked surplus or by using liquified biomethane.”

Three early lessons from FuelEU Maritime

Drawing on the first year of reporting, Joe Bettles and the Center identify three lessons that may also be relevant for the IMO in the future.

First, the results indicate that a fuel standard for shipping can work. FuelEU’s first year has created incentives for the use of alternative fuels and a market for those who prefer to pay for emissions compliance.

Second, regulations should include mechanisms that support a broader mix of energy sources. Lower-maturity alternatives, such as wind-assisted propulsion, e-fuels and onshore power, still represented a limited share of the mix.

Third, policy stability and clear reduction pathways can help reduce uncertainty for shipping companies and support the business case for investment in cleaner alternatives.

Supporting knowledge sharing across the maritime value chain

Skuld is a Mission Ambassador to the Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping, supporting its work as a platform for collaboration, knowledge sharing and practical insight across the maritime value chain.

“The Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping is a highly valuable forum for us at Skuld. It provides access to a broad network of industry stakeholders and helps us stay close to the challenges shipowners face in meeting regulatory requirements and reducing emissions. Just as importantly, it serves as a platform for dialogue and knowledge sharing across the maritime value chain” – Matias Bøe Olsen, Decarbonisation and transition risk lead, Skuld.

Note: Read the full article on FuelEU’s first-year experiences here.

 

Photo credit: Chris Pagan on Unsplash
Published: 7 August, 2026

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FuelEU

GTT Marine partners with BetterSea on FuelEU trading, pooling integration

Integration will enable GTT Marine customers and platform users to execute FuelEU trading and pooling end-to-end, directly from the Vesper Insights platform.

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GTT Marine partners BetterSea to integrate FuelEU trading, pooling into Vesper Insights

BetterSea, provider of a FuelEU compliance platform and marketplace, and GTT Marine, a business unit of the GTT Group, on Monday (21 September) announced a white-label integration partnership to accelerate FuelEU Maritime compliance for shipping companies.

Under the partnership, GTT Marine will integrate BetterSea’s platform into its own Vesper Insights platform offering, enabling GTT Marine customers and platform users to execute FuelEU trading and pooling end-to-end, directly from the Vesper Insights platform. 

Through this white-label integration, customers will gain access to BetterSea’s full FuelEU infrastructure, including marketplace access, simulation tools, pooling and post-trade workflows, as well as streamlined Thetis reporting capabilities, all within the Vesper Insights environment. 

This creates a uniquely aligned offering for customers seeking a single, trusted route to FuelEU compliance and execution.

As FuelEU Maritime moves into operational reality, shipping companies need more than visibility into compliance exposure. They need the ability to assess options, execute transactions, and complete workflows reliably and at scale. 

The BetterSea-GTT Marine partnership addresses that need by combining BetterSea’s execution-ready FuelEU platform with GTT Marine’s strong position in vessel performance and maritime innovation.

Through the BetterSea-GTT Marine partnership, customers will gain:

  • access to FuelEU trading and pooling execution directly within GTT Marine Vesper Insights platform
  • access to BetterSea’s FuelEU marketplace
  • simulation tools to compare compliance pathways across different regulations and evaluate cost exposure
  • pooling and post-trade workflows supported by standardized legal and financial structures
  • pool tracking and Thetis reporting capabilities to support the full FuelEU execution process
  • fully streamlined and connected route to end-to-end FuelEU compliance

Maximilian Schroer, Co-CEO, BetterSea, said: “This partnership with GTT Marine marks an important step in our mission to make FuelEU compliance and pooling easier to access and execute, while underlining BetterSea’s position as the market leading FuelEU marketplace. 

“By embedding our platform into GTT Marine Vesper Insights offering, we are giving customers a seamless and efficient path from compliance understanding to full trading and pooling execution, all within an environment they already know and use.”

Christian Treu, VP Revenue, GTT Marine, said: “At GTT Marine, we are committed to equipping our customers with practical and high-value solutions for the decarbonisation transition. 

“Through this partnership with BetterSea, we can offer our users direct access to a complete FuelEU execution framework, from simulation to trading, pooling, and reporting, directly via our platform.” 

 

Photo credit: GTT Marine
Published: 22 September, 2026

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Biofuel

APPEC 2026: Future of bio-bunkers determined by economics and regulations, highlights Dan-Bunkering

Marine biofuel growth hindered by economic squeezes and fragmented policies, requiring predictable carbon pricing and demand guarantees to scale.

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APPEC 2026: Future of bio-bunkers determined by economics and regulations, highlights Dan-Bunkering

Bio-bunkers are not capacity constrained; they are economics constrained, and policy asymmetry is dictating where volumes materialise, according to international bunker trading firm Dan-Bunkering.

Mahnoor Samee, New Fuels Lead – APAC, Dan-Bunkering, was sharing a presentation Bio-Bunker Dynamics: Where is it Heading? with delegates at APPEC 2026 on Thursday (10 September) when she noted the following:

Disconnect in Production Margins

The primary constraint on marine biofuel, particularly Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME), is not a lack of production capability, but a severe margin squeeze.

European FAME plants are operating at only 52% capacity, yet producers are unable to scale due to unfavourable economics.

Producers face a ‘falling ceiling’ as EU pooling credit prices have dropped by 50% in the past six months, and a ‘rising floor’ as Used Cooking Oil (UCO) feedstock costs have climbed significantly across the same period.

Consequently, the premium between UCO and Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester (UCOME) has averaged around USD 80 pmt, well below the USD 300-400 pmt industry experts deem necessary for a sustainable business.

Contrasting Regional Demand

Demand for biofuels is meanwhile highly bifurcated and driven primarily by regional policy rather than global market trends.

In Singapore, bio-bunker sales have fallen by 45-60% year-over-year; as conventional fuel prices spiked, shipowners shifted to cheaper compliance alternatives such as pooling.

In contrast, Rotterdam has reached two-year highs in biofuel sales, supported by the Dutch ticket incentive system, which stabilises end-user pricing.

China has also seen a fourfold increase in demand over the past two years, driven by high EU exposure and voluntary emission goals, aided by lower logistics costs and strong trade routes to Europe.

Regulatory Fragmentation

Regulatory uncertainty remains a significant barrier to investment. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is currently debating four conflicting proposals – ranging from delayed targets to tripled penalties – which has stalled projects and left the industry without a clear framework to engage.

In addition, the emergence of approximately 40 different carbon schemes globally, including the potential expansion of the UK Emissions Trading System (ETS) to include international voyages has created significant planning risks for shipowners.

The implementation of Renewable Energy Directive (RED) III in Europe has further complicated the landscape, creating a “RED III premium” that has caused some volume to shift to nearby ports like Antwerp to avoid higher costs, though Rotterdam remains resilient due to its national incentive schemes.

A critical challenge for the industry is how bunker buyers value biofuels. Many stakeholders compare the listed price of biofuel directly against conventional fuel or pooling, failing to account for “stacked benefits.”

When factoring in FuelEU compliance, reduced EU ETS carbon bills, and improved Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) ratings, the “true premium” is significantly lower – estimated at USD 5-90 pmt rather than the sticker price of USD 300-400.

Policy Continues to Drive Demand

Looking toward 2030, the market faces a clear reality: 95% of the global fleet will still rely on conventional engines, making drop-in biofuels the only scalable emissions lever.

To unlock this potential, the industry requires a predictable carbon price and a mechanism to guarantee demand, similar to the Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) levy model recently adopted in Singapore.

Without these structural changes, Asia’s technical capacity may remain underutilised, and the market will continue to consolidate in policy-advantaged hubs.

 

Photo credit: Manifold Times
Published: 17 September 2026

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Alternative Fuels

APPEC 2026: Panellists navigate maritime decarbonisation and alternative marine fuel strategies

Experts discuss maritime decarbonisation, emphasising global regulatory clarity, crew training, and collaborative strategies for adopting sustainable alternative marine fuels.

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Panel members consisting of Singapore’s maritime and port regulator Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA), legal firm Rajah & Tann, bunker trading firm Sing Fuels, and the International Bunker Industry Association (IBIA) discussed the complexities of maritime decarbonisation at APPEC 2026 on Thursday (10 September).

The panel Balancing the Bunker Fuel Mix on the Path to Decarbonization moderated by John Morley, Global Director, Crude and Fuel Oil Markets, S&P Global Energy explored the complex landscape of maritime decarbonisation, sanctions fragmentation, and the transition to alternative marine fuels in Singapore.

Panellists broadly agree regulatory clarity – particularly from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) – is the single most critical enabler for large-scale investment, whilst highlighting regional fragmentation, crew competency gaps, and trade finance constraints pose significant near-term challenges.

Biofuels were seen as the most immediately scalable alternative marine fuel, with methanol and ammonia as longer-term prospects.

The following points were raised by panel members during discussion:

New Wei Siang, Director, Maritime Decarbonisation & Net-Zero Pathways, MPA, advocated for a global, IMO-led regulatory framework to guide shipping’s decarbonisation.

He believed regional patchwork regulations create unhelpful uncertainty, whereas a unified approach would be more helpful for long-term investment.

While acknowledging progress at recent IMO inter-sessional meetings held in September has been “slow but deliberate,” he remains focused on the upcoming MEPC 85 scheduled from November 30 to December 3, 2026.

To address the technical and safety challenges of new bunker fuels, he pointed out the MPA has established the Maritime Energy Training Facility (METF) to upskill crews on handling future marine fuels including methanol.

Furthermore, the MPA has launched ten green and digital shipping corridor partnerships to trial alternative fuels, exchange knowledge, and raise safety standards.

Mr New emphasised Singapore’s goal is to serve as a comprehensive maritime hub, balancing global regulatory engagement with practical, collaborative efforts to build competency for the future.

Nathanael Lin, Partner, Shipping & International Trade, Rajah & Tann Singapore, highlighted the significant legal and commercial challenges posed by regulatory fragmentation.

He argued regional environmental rules, such as those in the EU, force shipowners to make high-stakes gambles on trade routes and infrastructure until the IMO codifies standards into MARPOL Annex VI.

He also noted sanctions compliance has become dramatically more complex, with competing unilateral regimes replacing the previous era of UN consensus, creating immense operational risk for industry participants.

Furthermore, Mr Lin warned trade finance frameworks are currently ill-equipped to handle the complexities of blended alternative bunker fuels; he recommended banks to actively upskill their compliance functions to support the maritime energy transition.

Finally, he observed while claims regarding alternative marine fuels remained low due to the sophistication of early adopters, they will likely rise as adoption broadens. He also flagged the future migration of residual fuel demand as a critical, under-examined industry issue.

Juwita Setiawan, Trading Manager & New Fuels Lead, Sing Fuels, emphasised the energy transition has been making bunkering increasingly complex due to overlapping regulations.

She advocated for holistic voyage planning, where shipowners consider total emissions, costs, and marine fuel flexibility rather than evaluating port calls in isolation. She highlighted the critical role of high-quality data, fuel flexibility, including dual-fuel capabilities and fuel optimisation as essential tools for navigating the increasingly complex energy transition and supporting a practical pathway towards decarbonisation.

Regarding market structure, Ms Setiawan believed a symbiotic partnership between large integrated energy companies – which provide necessary capital and infrastructure – and agile, specialist suppliers is vital for success.

She identified biofuels and LNG as the most viable near-term maritime decarbonisation solutions, with methanol emerging as a mid-term option.

Ultimately, even though government incentives remain essential to help shipowners manage the high costs associated with adopting greener bunker fuels, regulatory clarity is the single most important factor to simplify market trading.

Looking ahead, she believes three things need to happen over the next three years:

  1. Clear and stable regulation – Shipowners and fuel suppliers need regulatory certainty and confidence to make long-term investments.
  2. Scale in supply and infrastructure – The industry needs to move beyond pilot projects towards reliable volumes, competitive pricing and stronger infrastructure across major bunkering hubs.
  3. Greater confidence in the fuels themselves – Common standards, proven technologies and reliable fuel performance will be essential to building trust and accelerating adoption.

“At Sing Fuels, we believe the transition is not about choosing one fuel for every vessel. It is about optimising the right fuel, at the right place, at the right cost, with the right emissions outcome – while keeping operational realities at the centre of the decision.

Siti Noraini Zaini, Regional Manager, Asia, IBIA, identified energy security and decarbonisation as objectives that need not be competing, noting that when energy security is under pressure, the immediate focus naturally shifts towards availability, reliability and affordability.

Over the longer term, however, a diversified marine fuel mix ultimately enhances industry resilience.

She stressed low carbon fuels alone is insufficient; shipowners need confidence that fuels will be available to meet the demand, where they are needed and at commercially manageable prices.

A critical focus for Ms Siti is the parallel development of standards. She warned the industry could not wait for the market to mature before establishing protocols. Standards for fuel quality measurement, green bunkering procedures, safety, and crew competency must be developed alongside the fuels themselves.

Looking ahead, she identified the upcoming MEPC 85 meeting as the industry’s primary regulatory watchpoint. Achieving clarity at the meeting is essential to enable the safe, financed, and commercially viable bunkering of new marine fuels, ensuring shipping’s decarbonisation transition remains both practical and sustainable.

 

Photo credit: S&P Global
Published: 14 September 2026

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