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Bunker Fuel

Singapore: MPA notifies shipping community on resolutions adopted by MPEC 81

Bunker fuel-related resolutions include adoption of amendments to MARPOL Annex VI concerning definition of fuel oil and gas fuel, clarification on sampling point(s) and BDN for low-flashpoint fuels and gas fuels.

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The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) on Friday (24 May) issued Port Marine Circular No. 4 of 2024 informing the shipping community of resolutions, including those related to bunker fuel, adopted by MPEC 81:

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE 81st SESSION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION COMMITTEE (MEPC 81) OF THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANISATION (IMO)

This circular informs the shipping community of the resolutions adopted by MEPC 811 and urges the shipping community to prepare for the implementation of these resolutions.

The mandatory resolutions adopted by MEPC 81 include the following:

Resolution MEPC.383(81) Amendments to Regulations A-1 and B-2 of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship’s Ballast Water and Sediments (IBWMC), 2004

This resolution adopts amendments to Regulations A-1 and B-2 of the IBWMC concerning the use of electronic record books. The amendments will enter into force on 01 October 2025 and will be given effect through amendments to the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea (Ballast Water Management) Regulations.

Resolution MEPC.384(81)Amendments to Protocol I of MARPOL (Reporting Procedures for the Loss of Containers)

This resolution adopts amendments to Protocol I of MARPOL concerning the reporting procedures for the loss of freight containers that includes cross referencing SOLAS V/31 and V/32 requirements on danger messages. The amendments will enter into force on 01 January 2026 and will be given effect through amendments to the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea (Reporting of Pollution Incidents) Regulations.

Resolution MEPC.385(81)Amendments to MARPOL Annex VI (LowFlashpoint Fuels and Other Fuel Oil Related Issues, Marine Diesel Engine Replacing Steam System, Accessibility of Data and Inclusion of Data on Transport Work and Enhanced Granularity in the IMO Ship Fuel Consumption Database (IMO DCS))

This resolution adopts amendments to MARPOL Annex VI concerning the definition of fuel oil and gas fuel, NOx requirements related to replacing a steam system with a marine diesel engine, clarification on sampling point(s) and bunker delivery notes for low-flashpoint fuels and gas fuels, and expansion of data required relevant to the IMO DCS. The amendments will enter into force on 01 August 2025 and will be given effect through amendments to the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea (Air) Regulations. 

MEPC 81 also adopted the following resolutions: 

Resolution MEPC.386(81)2024 Guidelines as required by Regulation 13.2.2 of MARPOL Annex VI in respect of Non-Identical Replacement Engines not required to meet the Tier III limit 

This resolution contains guidance on the criteria of when it is not possible for a replacement engine to meet the standards in regulation 13.5.1.1 (Tier III), with additional points for consideration in determining the Tier of engine required when replacing a steam system. This Guidelines supersede the 2013 Guidelines adopted by resolution MEPC.230(65). 

Resolution MEPC.387(81) Interim Guidance on the Application of the BWM Convention to Ships Operating in Challenging Water Quality (CWQ) Conditions

This resolution contains guidance to assist ships in planning for compliance with the BWM Convention and the D-2 discharge standard when a type-approved ballast water management system (BWMS) that has been properly installed, operated and maintained encounters operational limitations or has difficulty meeting the operational demand in CWQ conditions. 

Resolution MEPC.388(81)Amendments to the 2022 Guidelines for the Development of a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) (Resolution MEPC.346(78)) 

This resolution adopts amendments to the 2022 Guidelines for the development of a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) (resolution MEPC.346(78)) to support the required information to be reported to the IMO DCS after amendments to Appendix IX of MARPOL Annex VI have entered into force. 

Resolution MEPC.389(81)Amendments to the 2022 Guidelines for Administration Verification of Ship Fuel Oil Consumption Data and Operational Carbon Intensity (Resolution MEPC.348(78))

This resolution adopts amendments to the 2022 Guidelines for Administration Verification of Ship Fuel Oil Consumption Data and Operational Carbon Intensity to support the required information to be reported to the IMO DCS after amendments to Appendix IX of MARPOL Annex VI have entered into force.

Resolution MEPC.390(81)Amendments to the 2021 Guidelines on the Shaft/Engine Power Limitation System to comply with the EEXI Requirements and Use of a Power Reserve (Resolution MEPC.335(76), as amended by Resolution MEPC.375(80)) 

This resolution adopts amendments to the 2021 Guidelines on the Shaft/Engine Power Limitation System to comply with the EEXI Requirements and Use of a Power Reserve (resolution MEPC.335(76), as amended by resolution MEPC.375(80)), to support a uniform and consistent application, including the use of power reserve of the Shaft/Engine Power Limitation System. 

Resolution MEPC.391(81)2024 Guidelines on Life Cycle GHG Intensity of Marine Fuels (2024 LCA Guidelines)

This resolution contains guidance on the life cycle GHG intensity assessment for all fuels and other energy carriers (e.g. electricity) used on board a ship and aim at covering the whole fuel life cycle (with specific boundaries), from feedstock extraction/cultivation/ recovery, feedstock conversion to a fuel product, transportation as well as distribution/bunkering, and fuel utilization on board a ship, amongst other things. This resolution revokes the LCA Guidelines adopted by resolution MEPC.376(80).

In addition to the adoption of resolutions, the following Unified Interpretation (UI) was also approved by MEPC 81: 

  1. MEPC.1/Circ.795/Rev.9 – Unified interpretations to MARPOL Annex VI (Regulations 2.2.15 and 2.2.18). 

Any queries relating to this circular should be directed to MPA Shipping Division via email at [email protected].

 

Photo credit: Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore
Published: 27 May 2024

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Legal

Singapore police arrest eight over alleged illegal MGO transaction off Tuas

SPF says preliminary investigations found that crew members of a Singapore-registered tugboat misappropriated MGO worth about SGD 10,570 without their company’s knowledge and sold it illegally.

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Singapore police arrest eight over alleged illegal MGO transaction off Tuas

The Singapore Police Force (SPF) on Thursday (13 August) said it has arrested eight men, aged between 25 and 54, for their suspected involvement in an illegal transaction of Marine Gas Oil (MGO).

On 13 August 2026 at about 1.05am, officers from the Police Coast Guard (PCG) conducted a check on a Singapore-registered tugboat in the waters off Tuas and discovered that eight crew members were possibly involved in the illegal transaction of MGO. 

“Preliminary investigations revealed that the crew members of the tugboats misappropriated MGO valued at about SGD 10,570 (USD 8,258), without their company’s knowledge,” SPF said in a statement.

“The MGO was sold illegally for their personal financial gain.”

The eight crew members will be charged in court on 14 August 2026 with the offence of theft by servant of property in possession of master under Section 381 of the Penal Code 1871 If convicted, they shall be punished with an imprisonment term that may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.

“The Police take a serious view of illegal transaction of MGO in Singapore Territorial Waters and will continue to conduct enforcement and security checks to prevent, deter and detect such illicit activities in Singapore waters,” SPF added. 

 

Photo credit: Singapore Police Force
Published: 14 August, 2026

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Port & Regulatory

Gard: Sulphur-related bunker claims rise amid tighter China MSA enforcement

Claims involving excessive sulphur content in marine fuels have been rising, while stricter inspections by the China MSA have heightened the focus on sulphur compliance, particularly in the Bohai Sea.

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Maritime protection and indemnity (P&I) club Gard on Wednesday (12 August) highlighted that claims involving excessive sulphur content in marine fuels have been rising, while stricter inspections by the China MSA have heightened the focus on sulphur compliance, particularly in the Bohai Sea:

Rise in off-spec sulphur claims

Recent claims experience indicates that bunker quality continues to pose a significant operational risk for shipowners. In our earlier review of bunker-related claims during the first five months of 2026, we highlighted a rise in off-specification bunker incidents amid increased pressure on global fuel supply chains following the escalation of the conflict in the Middle East. 

Specifically for Sulphur compliance, between January and June 2026, the number of sulphur-related cases increased by more than threefold compared with the same period in 2025. Notably, the number of cases recorded in the first six months of this year has already exceeded the total number reported during the whole of last year by approximately 40%. 

While each case is fact-specific, the increase is notable because excessive sulphur content constitutes a MARPOL compliance issue. Unlike many other bunker quality problems, sulphur non-compliance identified through port state inspections can result in vessel delays, enforcement action, and substantial costs associated with debunkering and fuel disposal. 

The map below illustrates the geographical distribution of sulphur-related claims recorded during the first six months of 2026, based on the location where the bunkers were stemmed.

Distribution of sulphur related claims

China MSA steps up sulphur compliance enforcement

According to our correspondent, Huatai, on 5 June 2026, the maritime authorities of Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning and Shandong jointly launched a special campaign on ship pollution prevention and control in the Bohai Sea region. The campaign involves coordinated supervision by local MSA branches across the region and is expected to last nearly five months. It covers major ports and surrounding port areas in the Bohai Sea region, including Tianjin, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Huanghua, Jinzhou, Yingkou and Longkou. 

While the initiative is broader than bunker sulphur compliance alone, its scope includes inspections relating to air pollution prevention, SOx emissions, fuel compliance and other high-pollution-risk operations. Enforcement measures are expected to comprise onboard inspections, cross-regional enforcement activities, unannounced spot checks and remote monitoring. These efforts will be supported by a combination of UAV patrols, maritime patrol vessels, shore-based monitoring systems and rapid on-site fuel testing. 

As a result, vessels trading in the Bohai Sea region may experience increased scrutiny of fuel compliance documentation, fuel sampling records, onboard fuel management procedures, and the handling or disposal of suspected non-compliant fuel.

Documents typically requested by China MSA

Based on our recent experience, including the case discussed above, and subject to the specific requirements of the local MSA office, owners and operators may be requested to provide supporting documentation such as: 

  • Bunker documentation – Bunker Delivery Notes (BDNs), MARPOL fuel sample records, fuel test reports, and relevant fuel quality certificates. 
  • Statutory certificates – including the International Air Pollution Prevention (IAPP) Certificate and International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) Certificate. 
  • Operational records – engine logbooks, deck and navigation logbooks, Oil Record Book entries, and records relating to fuel transfers, storage and consumption. 
  • Sampling documentation – the Master’s statement and any records demonstrating how fuel samples were drawn, sealed, labelled, handled and retained. 
  • Correspondence records – communications with the authorities, bunker suppliers, charterers and other relevant stakeholders. 
  • Fuel disposal records – approved disposal plans, debunkering documentation, receipts and evidence of final disposal, where applicable. 

The exact documentation required will depend on the nature of the investigation, the findings of the inspection, and the requirements of the local enforcement authority. 

Possible regulatory consequences in China

Under the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People’s Republic of China, ocean-going vessels are required to use fuel oil meeting atmospheric pollutant control requirements after berthing. Vessels operating within designated emission control areas must also comply with applicable emission standards. Article 106 provides that where vessel fuel oil fails to meet applicable standards or requirements, the competent maritime authorities may impose fines ranging from RMB 10,000 to RMB 100,000. Liability may extend to shipowners, ship operators and ship managers depending upon the circumstances of the case. 

Recommendation

Sulphur compliance should be treated as both a fuel quality and regulatory risk. Owners and operators are encouraged to take preventive steps before bunkering, act promptly if non-compliant fuel is suspected, and preserve evidence carefully if an inspection or claim arises. Under amended 

Resolution A.1206(34), Appendix 18, 2.1.5, if the BDN shows compliant fuel, but the master has independent test results of the fuel oil sample taken by the ship during the bunkering which indicates non-compliance, the master may document this by notifying the ship’s flag Administration, with copies to: 

  • the competent authority of the relevant port of destination, 
  • the Administration under whose jurisdiction the bunker deliverer is located, 
  • and to the bunker deliverer.

 

Photo credit: shraga kopstein on Unsplash / Gard
Published: 14 August, 2026

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LNG Bunkering

Shell expands LNG bunkering footprint in Spain with Valencia

As one of the region’s key maritime hubs, the company said Valencia expands the options available to shipowners seeking LNG supply along major shipping routes.

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Shell expands LNG bunkering footprint in Spain with Valencia

British oil giant Shell on Thursday (13 August) said Valencia has joined its growing network of bunkering locations, making LNG available as a marine fuel.

The successful completion of the first LNG bunkering operation in Valencia marked an important milestone for Spain and further strengthened Shell’s LNG supply capabilities across the Mediterranean. 

In a video shared by the company, bunkering vessel Alice Consulich was shown supplying an undisclosed volume of LNG to the container ship MSC Sabrina.

“As one of the region’s key maritime hubs, Valencia expands the options available to shipowners seeking LNG supply along major shipping routes,” Shell said in a social media post. 

Shell said the achievement reflected the strong collaboration across the maritime value chain, including MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company, the Port of Valencia and Fratelli Cosulich Group.

“We look forward to making more LNG bunker deliveries in Valencia and across the Mediterranean as LNG infrastructure and capabilities continue to expand,” the company said. 

 

Photo credit: Shell
Published: 14 August, 2026

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