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DNV: What are the total costs of ownership for different methanol-fuelled containership designs?

DNV’s Alternative Fuels guidance paper has been updated to include various engineering aspects as well as a detailed commercial case study for a methanol-fuelled 5,500 TEU containership.

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In a recent amendment to the chapter on methanol in its guidance paper ‘Alternative Fuels for Containerships’, classification society DNV has added new technical information regarding potential fuel tank arrangements and bunkering, as well as a new section that discusses the business case for a methanol-fuelled 5,500 TEU containership operating in transatlantic trade between Europe and North America:

Steep increase in orders for methanol-powered vessels

According to the February statistics available from DNV’s Alternative Fuels Insight (AFI) online hub, there were 267 confirmed methanol-fuelled ships in operation or on order, most of them in the container segment (169). “In 2023, methanol emerged as the leading alternative fuel option, securing the highest number of ship orders, totalling 138 (excluding methanol carriers),” revealed Jan-Olaf Probst, DNV’s Executive Vice President of Business Development. “Among these orders, containerships accounted for the predominant segment, with 106 vessels set to run on methanol.”

Study compares TCO for different design variants for mid-sized containership

Titled “Commercial considerations for a mid-sized containership”, the new section in the DNV guidance paper summarizes a commercial analysis undertaken by DNV for the 5,500 TEU vessel to determine the total cost of ownership (TCO) for several design variants: a conventionally fuelled ship, a dual-fuel methanol-ready design, and a dual-fuel methanol-fuelled ship. The analysis includes separate evaluations for various hypothetical fuel price scenarios. The study assumes an operational life cycle of 20 to 25 years for the vessel.

Key influential cost factors identified

The detailed discussion covers all cost components, including capital investments (CAPEX), financing costs (FinEX), operating expenditures (OPEX), fuel costs (FuelEX) and fuel-related carbon costs (GHGEX). Especially the future fuel and greenhouse gas costs are difficult to predict. Three key influential factors for these cost items have been identified: the uptake and availability of alternative fuels; the availability of technologies to remove CO2 from the atmosphere (carbon capture); and the effects of the regulatory development on restrictions and costs of GHG and air pollutant emissions.

t2 con 470 average cost components

Analysis rests on three assumptions

DNV based its analysis on three assumptions: (a) that the IMO Carbon Intensity Index (CII) will be the main driver for the fuel mix a ship will be operating on in the near future, and the IMO ambition has been adjusted to achieve 100% decarbonization by 2050; (b) the results of the DNV Energy Transition Outlook (ETO) as a base scenario for fuel price predictions, and three additional scenarios spanning potentially extreme variations between the price developments for fossil fuels (VLSFO/MGO) and carbon-neutral fuels (e- or bio-MGO/methanol); and (c) a CO2 pricing scenario based on ETO modelling but raised slightly to reflect the anticipated new decarbonization ambition by 2050.

t3 con 470 fuel price variations

Dual-fuel methanol vessels come at little extra cost but greater flexibility

Under these assumptions, the TCO for the 5,500 TEU methanol-fuelled containership amounts to approximately 494 million US dollars over 25 years of operation as an average between the most (USD 469 m) and least favourable scenario (USD 518 m). Given the uncertainties described above, the TCO can be considered as more or less equal for all three designs of the ship, with the methanol-fuelled vessel about 0.4% and the methanol-ready version 0.9% more costly than the conventional design. However, these differences may disappear if the building costs of methanol-powered ships come down as more new ships are ordered.

It is important to note that a dual-fuel methanol vessel provides increased flexibility in terms of fuel type, regional availability as well as unexpected fuel price developments. Given the small differences in TCO, this flexibility comes at little or no extra cost compared to a conventional oil-fuelled vessel.

t1 con 470 total cost of ownership for three different designs

Key for charter rates: Break-even daily rate

Two additional criteria should be looked at when planning a newbuilding project under commercial aspects: the annual costs and the resulting break-even daily rate. Charter rates must be well above the break-even rate for the investment to be profitable, and to brace against market risks.

Assuming 350 days of operation per year, the break-even daily rate for the vessel under study ranges between USD 52,000 and USD 60,000 at the beginning of service, depending on the fuel price scenario, and rises to between USD 65,000 and USD 73,000 (+23%) at the end of the financing period.

Carbon-neutral fuel variants expected to come at extra cost

Thereafter the annual costs are expected to drop to between USD 34,000 and USD 43,000 and by the end of operation will amount to USD 36,000 to USD 63,000. The increase over the years is mainly a result of the growing amount of carbon-neutral fuel that must be blended in for the vessel to remain compliant with tightening emission limits. In the event that carbon-neutral fuels are less expensive, the break-even daily rate will remain more or less constant during the financing period and again after its end.

Methanol-ready design reduces risks and costs of future fuel switch

The initial CAPEX for a methanol-ready design is about 3% higher than for a conventional design. Considering the small differences in TCO between the variants of the ship, and a potentially shrinking cost gap as more methanol-ready vessels are ordered, a methanol-ready design appears to be an attractive option; it allows the owner to install the methanol fuel system at a later time when fuel availability and prices, the regulatory environment and CO2 costs are clearer. Furthermore, there is a broader lender basis for newbuilding projects designed to operate on alternative fuels.

Fuel costs will form main share of operating costs over timeWhile the operating expenditures – excluding fuel costs – are not expected to differ much between the vessel variants studied, fuel costs alone may rise from currently 25% to 40% of annual costs to as much as 60% during the financing period, and will account for up to 90% of annual costs thereafter. The cost of carbon-neutral fuel will depend on its availability, and the amount of blend-in fuel needed to achieve compliance with emission regulations, especially the revised IMO GHG strategy, will be a strong determining factor for FuelEX.

t4 con 470 annual total expenditures

Note: The full Maritime Impact article by DNV can be found here.

 

Photo credit: Venti Views on Unsplash / DNV
Published: 8 March 2024

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Milestone

China: Chimbusco and BJEC enter green methanol cooperation agreement

Document was signed between Ding Lihai, deputy general manager of Chimbusco, and Li Jianjun, deputy general manager of BJEC.

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Chimbusco x BJEC MT

China Marine Bunker (PetroChina) Co.,Ltd. (Chimbusco) and POWERCHINA Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited (BJEC) on Thursday (3 July) formally entered into a green methanol strategic cooperation framework agreement.

The document was signed between Ding Lihai, deputy general manager of Chimbusco, and Li Jianjun, deputy general manager of BJEC.

BJEC, a subsidiary of China Power Engineering Group, is experienced in the survey, design, construction and technology research and development of large-scale renewable energy projects.

Moving forward, the two parties said they will respectively focus on their core advantages and work together to promote the production, supply, storage and refuelling of green methanol as an energy source to help support the low-carbon transformation of the shipping industry.

Ding Lihai said: “The shipping industry is one of the important sources of global carbon emissions. Promoting low-carbon fuel is the key to the transformation of the industry. As the main force in the supply of bunker fuel, Chimbusco has been committed to expanding its clean fuel supply capacity. The cooperation with BJEC will integrate the advantages of green energy development and fuel supply, accelerate the large-scale application of green methanol, and meet the needs of shipping companies for clean fuel. We look forward to providing effective solutions for the green transformation of the shipping industry through the joint efforts of both parties.”

Li Jianjun said: “Implementing the ‘dual carbon’ goal is an important responsibility of enterprises. BJEC has accumulated strong technical strength in the field of green energy. This cooperation with Chimbusco will focus on the entire industrial chain of green methanol, from raw materials, production to supply, to provide clean and sustainable fuel solutions for the shipping industry. The complementary advantages of both parties will promote the rapid development of the green methanol industry and inject strong impetus into the low-carbon transformation of the shipping industry.”

 

Photo credit: China Marine Bunker (PetroChina) Co.,Ltd.
Published: 8 July 2025

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Towngas and Royal Vopak collaborate to expand green methanol supply chain network

‘Towngas has recently completed a 6,000-tonne green methanol bunkering project, the largest in Asia,” said its Chief Operating Officer – Green Fuel and Chemicals.

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Towngas x Royal Vopak MT

Hong Kong and China Gas Company Limited (Towngas) and Vopak China Management Co., Ltd. (Royal Vopak) on Tuesday (8 July) said both recently signed a strategic framework cooperation agreement to collaborate in areas such as green methanol production, storage, bunkering, and trading etc.

Focusing on the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, and Asia-Pacific markets, both parties are joining forces to expand an efficient green methanol supply chain network and support the shipping industry’s low-carbon transition.

The two parties will capitalise on their respective strengths to expand the supply network of green methanol.

Towngas employs proprietary technology to convert agricultural and forestry waste as well as scrap tyres into green methanol, and has obtained multiple international certifications and provides a sufficient supply of green methanol for maritime fuel bunkering.

Royal Vopak provides green methanol storage and terminal services with its comprehensive storage and terminal infrastructure and coastal port network advantages.

Together, the two parties will achieve efficient resource allocation and ship green methanol to the Greater Bay Area, East China, South China, and the broader Asia-Pacific markets, further expanding the green methanol supply chain network.

Towngas and Royal Vopak will further develop multiple areas of regional cooperation, including in the Greater Bay Area. By leveraging the strengths of the ports in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, the partnership will focus on “production and storage synergy” as its core to strengthen cooperation around logistics and terminal facility construction, and to build an integrated green methanol storage and transportation network.

In East China, the two parties will centre their collaboration in Shanghai and Ningbo, two major international ports, to further strengthen cooperation in logistics storage and bunkering facility construction to meet the growing demand for green fuels at both ports.

In the Bohai Bay region, with Tianjin as the strategic hub, Towngas will transport green methanol produced at its northern China production base to Royal Vopak’s local storage tank farm, then achieve resource allocation through the Royal Vopak’s distribution network, supporting the supply of green methanol from northern China to the national and Asia-Pacific markets.

The two parties will also target key export markets, such as Singapore, Vietnam, Japan, and South Korea, to accelerate overseas expansion and boost the market competitiveness of clean energy in the Asia-Pacific region.

“Towngas has recently completed a 6,000-tonne green methanol bunkering project, the largest in Asia,” said Sham Man-fai, Towngas Chief Operating Officer – Green Fuel and Chemicals.

“It was completed with the support of Royal Vopak’s Tianjin storage tank farm facilities, laying a solid foundation for this partnership.

“Towngas’s Inner Mongolia green methanol plant is set to increase its annual capacity from 100,000 tonnes to 150,000 tonnes by the end of this year, with plans to further expand to 300,000 tonnes by 2028. Together with Royal Vopak’s storage and terminal services infrastructure and coastal port network, the two parties will build a comprehensive green methanol supply chain network.”

 

Photo credit: Hong Kong and China Gas Company Limited
Published: 8 July 2025

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Interview

DNV: Maritime in APAC undergoes ‘transformative change’ towards growth, sustainability

Newly appointed Senior Vice President & Regional Manager, South East Asia, Pacific & India, Maritime at DNV, Antony DSouza shares the firm’s role in shaping the future of maritime of APAC.

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Newly appointed Regional President & Director of DNV for Southeast Asia, Pacific and Indian Subcontinent Antony DSouza

DNV SVP & Regional Manager, Antony M Dsouza who recently moved to Singapore takes time to speak with bunkering publication Manifold Times to share his thoughts on maritime decarbonisation trends for the APAC region:

MT: How has your first few months as the newly appointed Regional Manager been?

It’s been an exciting and rewarding start. While the maritime business is global in nature, each region brings its own unique dynamics, opportunities, and challenges. Over the past few months, I’ve focused on immersing myself in the region—meeting with clients, engaging with industry stakeholders, and participating in key conferences and forums. These interactions have been invaluable in helping me understand the specific needs and priorities of the Southeast Asia, Pacific, and Indian Subcontinent markets. My goal is to ensure that DNV continues to deliver high-impact, value-adding services tailored to our clients’ realities, while also playing a meaningful role in shaping a safer, smarter, and more sustainable maritime industry in the region.

MT: The maritime industry is going through a lot of change lately. What’s the most exciting trend or development you are seeing within Asia?

The maritime industry across Asia is indeed undergoing transformative change, driven by decarbonization, digitalization, and evolving trade dynamics.

One of the most exciting trends I see emerging in the region is the accelerating momentum towards green shipping and clean energy transition. Governments, ports, and shipowners across Asia are increasingly committing to net-zero targets, investing in alternative fuels like ammonia, methanol, and LNG, and exploring electrification and hybrid solutions for short-sea shipping. This is not just a response to global regulatory pressure but a reflection of the region’s proactive stance in shaping the future of sustainable maritime transport.

Recent outcomes from MEPC 83 have further reinforced this direction. The adoption of new measures, including a greenhouse gas (GHG) fuel-intensity standard coupled with a global pricing and reward mechanism, marks a critical step toward regulatory clarity and accelerating innovation and adoption of low-carbon technologies across Asia.

At the same time, digital transformation is gaining pace. From smart port infrastructure to the adoption of advanced analytics, AI, and remote surveys, digitalization is improving efficiency, safety, and transparency across the value chain. Asia is uniquely positioned to lead in this space due to its strong manufacturing base, tech innovation hubs, and rapidly growing digital ecosystems.

What excites me most is how these trends are converging. The shift towards greener operations is being enabled and accelerated by digital tools, while regional collaboration—such as green shipping corridors and harmonized standards—is becoming more prominent. At DNV, we are actively working with stakeholders across the maritime value chain to navigate these changes, build confidence in new technologies, and support the industry’s transition towards a more sustainable and resilient future.

MT: Sustainability is a big topic in maritime — what’s one small but impactful step you think Asia can do to contribute?

Sustainability is indeed front and centre in the maritime sector, and while large-scale initiatives often dominate the conversation, I believe small, consistent steps can be just as powerful.

One impactful step Asia can take is to focus on greater regional collaboration around data transparency and emissions reporting. By encouraging ports, operators, and logistics partners to share standardized emissions data and operational efficiency metrics, we can build a stronger foundation for decision-making and accelerate the shift to cleaner practices.

This doesn’t require massive investment, but rather a shared commitment to transparency and collaboration. It empowers stakeholders, especially smaller players who may not have access to advanced decarbonization technologies, to benchmark, learn, and improve incrementally. Over time, this collective effort can create a ripple effect across the region, driving behavioural change, supporting regulatory alignment, and ultimately contributing meaningfully to global sustainability goals.

At DNV, we’re supporting this through our work in digital assurance, data validation, and advisory services, helping clients in Asia take practical, data-driven steps towards a more sustainable future.

MT: How is DNV assisting the decarbonization journey of Asian shipowners?

DNV plays a pivotal role in supporting Asian shipowners on their decarbonization journey by combining deep technical expertise, independent assurance, and a strong regional presence. We understand that decarbonization is not a one-size-fits-all process—each owner has different starting points, operating profiles, and investment horizons. That’s why we take a tailored, step-by-step approach to help our clients identify the most viable pathways toward compliance and competitiveness.

We established the Centre of Excellence for Maritime Decarbonization & Smart Shipping back in 2021, to strengthen our support for regional stakeholders. With expert teams based in Singapore, Australia, and India, the Centre serves as a regional hub for strategic advisory and technical support. We assist shipowners in navigating complex regulatory frameworks—including the IMO’s carbon intensity targets, the EU ETS, and FuelEU Maritime—while assessing fleet readiness and identifying optimal decarbonization pathways. The Centre has led key studies on topics such as ammonia bunkering safety, the future of seafarers, and green coastal shipping. It also provides tailored decarbonization plans and guidance on the adoption of alternative fuels and emerging technologies. Supported by digital tools like DNV’s ‘Pathway to Zero’ and the Veracity platform, we help shipowners model fuel scenarios, evaluate technology options, and make confident, data-driven investment decisions.

DNV is also actively working on joint industry projects and pilots involving alternative fuels like ammonia, methanol, and LNG, as well as energy efficiency solutions such as wind-assisted propulsion and shore power integration. Our classification and certification services support the safe uptake of these technologies.

Finally, capacity building is key. We actively engage with regional stakeholders, including shipowners, ports, regulators, and academia through training, technical seminars, and knowledge-sharing forums to help build the ecosystem needed for a successful maritime transition to net zero.

By combining local insight with global best practices, DNV is committed to being a trusted partner in helping Asia’s maritime sector navigate the complex but necessary path toward decarbonization.

MT: Looking ahead, what is your one hope/ wish that you have for the APAC region?

My hope for the APAC region is that it continues to lead with ambition and collaboration in shaping a sustainable maritime future. Achieving decarbonization in the maritime industry requires the commitment of all stakeholders—not just shipowners and operators, but also private companies, industry experts, and policymakers. It is crucial for these groups to work together to address specific challenges such as technology development, financing models, and the regulatory framework needed to advance the sector.

With its diversity, scale, and innovation capacity, APAC has the potential to be a global catalyst for greener, safer, and smarter shipping—and DNV is committed to supporting that journey every step of the way.

 

Photo credit: DNV
Published: 7 July 2025

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