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Singapore: Industry expert clarifies rising misconception of methanol bunker fuel carbon intensity

Several industry stakeholders have expressed difficulties in meeting the stated carbon intensity of 90 gCO2e / MJ outlined by the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore.

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RESIZED AND ADJUSTED Chris Chatterton (1)

A misconception by parties keen on supplying methanol as a bunker fuel at Singapore port is rising and needs to be addressed, observed methanol industry expert Chris Chatterton.

The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) on December 2023 issued the Expression of Interest (EOI) for the supply of methanol as a marine bunker fuel in the port of Singapore document to the bunkering sector.

In it stated: “The Participant shall propose methanol product(s) with a carbon intensity (CI) not greater than 90 gCO2e / MJ (well-to-wake) for bunkering in Singapore”.

Several industry stakeholders have expressed to Chatterton difficulties in meeting the stated CI of 90 gCO2e / MJ due to conventional grey methanol produced using current modern methods having a CI of between 90 to 95 gCO2e / MJ, or even higher in some cases, on a life cycle assessment basis.

Further, the parties were concerned of significant higher costs when considering the premium between fuel oil (HFO and LSFO) and more expensive green [carbon neutral] methanol.

“Guys, don’t sweat the premium! When we talk about green methanol in premiums, we are referring to 100% green methanol here and nobody is going to burn this product in commercial operations due to costs unless it is economically viable under prevailing policy or they are able to transfer these costs to cargo owners,” he exclaimed.

“Questions persist on how to meet the CI specification and some players are wondering if the methanol can be blended or needs to come direct unchanged from the manufacturing complex. This needs to be addressed but is technically very simple to do.”

Chatterton recommends the bunkering industry to utilise the Mass Balance Approach – a concept familiar with the chemical industry – which traces the flow of materials through a supply chain as a compliant method to lower the specific CI content of methanol for use as marine fuel (combusted).

Source: International Sustainability & Carbon Certification (ISCC)

Source: International Sustainability & Carbon Certification (ISCC)

“Not all methanol production plants are created equal and when you purchase methanol you are going to get a CI certificate stating the carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent per Megajoule (MJ) from well-to-plant gate basis,” he informed.

“And just by blending the certified grade with a portion of green carbon neutral methanol you can effectively lower the CI value of conventional conventional methanol to meet the 90 gCO2e / MJ specification required by MPA.

“Singapore is an ideal hub to receive and trade varying specifications of certified grey, blue and green methanol from not only China, Middle East, but from any corner of the world, efficiently and cost-effectively.”

Availability of green carbon neutral methanol from China

Globally, “pilot” production projects are expected to produce over 6 million metric tonnes (mt) of green methanol in 2025, with up to 4 million mt coming from China, stated Chatterton who added a large portion of China’s green methanol will be derived from wind power, which is arguably the lowest cost wind resource with the highest capacity factor globally.

“Northeast China has a very high onshore wind capacity factor at above 95% which is amongst the best in the world and enough to provide baseload power rivalling utility scale gas fired powerplants,” he explained.

“China is also a world leader in renewable power production, whether solar or wind by a factor of two and has more than twice the renewable power capacity than USA.

“Further, China is the largest producer of renewable power equipment of any kind in the world and by far also the cheapest because they produce at scale; whether it’s wind towers, rotor blades, turbines, or solar panels China is the outright leader in production capacity and has been so for many years.”

Most of China’s pilot scale projects set to produce green methanol are already in the final investment phase. To date, pilot projects in operation could only produce between 100,000 to 200,000 mt of green methanol per annum, and low volumes have resulted in higher prices for the green material.

However, once scaled up, these pilot projects will be able to produce 2-3 times more product to eventually lead to a softening of market pricing for green methanol, noted Chatterton.

Future prices and procurement of green methanol

“Therefore, there is no need to be too worried about the current methanol premium over HFO. There are certainly organisations able to provide methanol at more flexible terms, but these term contracts typically are for a longer duration,” he continued.

“A similar development took place for shipping’s transition to IMO 2020, when all majors instructed bunker suppliers needed to enter into long term contracts for at least a year to secure 0.50% sulphur limit VLSFO.”

Moving forward, Chatterton believes the combined factors of increased availability of green methanol, more efficient renewable power and power equipment cost structures, resulting in economies of scale will mean more affordable methanol from 2025 onwards – particularly from China.

“The green methanol producers in China are mainly pursuing ISCC EU certification which means it is compliant for use in Europe. With FuelEU kicking in, it will be even more ideal for shipowners to switch to using lower carbon and carbon neutral methanol as a sustainable marine fuel,” he ends.

Related: MPA receives 50 submissions for EOI to supply methanol bunker fuel in Singapore
Related: MPA issues EOI seeking for methanol bunker fuel suppliers in Singapore

 

Published: 20 May 2024

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Alternative Fuels

LR, China’s MARIC unveil tanker concept ready for three future bunker fuels

Both secured AiP for a new 114,000 DWT product and crude oil tanker designed to accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia.

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LR, China’s MARIC unveil tanker concept ready for three future bunker fuels

Lloyd’s Register (LR) and the Marine Design and Research Institute of China (MARIC) on Thursday (3 September) have secured Approval in Principle (AiP) for a new 114,000 DWT product and crude oil tanker designed to accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia.

Announced at SMM 2026, the concept addresses one of the biggest investment challenges facing shipping today: the need to develop vessels and capabilities that can support a range of alternative fuel options and pathways as technologies, infrastructure and regulations evolve.

While LNG is already a mature fuel pathway, methanol and ammonia remain at an earlier stage of development, with questions around global fuel availability, infrastructure development, economics and long-term adoption.

The 114,000 DWT tanker concept has been designed as a product and crude oil carrier that can accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia as technologies, regulations and fuel supply chains mature. By incorporating conversion readiness at the design stage, the concept aims to reduce future retrofit complexity and provide owners with greater confidence when planning long-term fleet investments.

The design concept was reviewed against LR’s July 2026 class rules and regulations, including requirements relating to ships using gases and other low-flashpoint fuels, alongside relevant IACS Common Structural Rules for oil tankers. Final classification and statutory approval remain subject to full compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

Theo Kourmpelis, Global Business Director for Tankers, Lloyd’s Register, said: “Shipowners are being asked to make major investment decisions today despite continued uncertainty around which fuels will dominate in the decades ahead. Alternative fuel solutions each offer potential pathways to compliance, but fuel infrastructure, regulation and economics continue to evolve at different speeds around the world.

“Designs that preserve flexibility will be critical in helping owners manage risk while preparing for multiple future scenarios.”

Si Nan, Marine & Offshore Marketing Department Vice Director, MARIC, said: “As the industry explores different decarbonisation pathways, shipowners need vessel designs that can adapt alongside technological and regulatory developments. This concept was developed specifically to provide greater fuel flexibility and long-term resilience, allowing owners to respond to changing market requirements without being locked into a single fuel strategy.

“Receiving Approval in Principle from Lloyd’s Register is an important milestone that validates the design concept and supports its future development.”

 

Photo credit: Lloyd’s Register
Published: 4 September, 2026

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Alternative Fuels

DNV: Alternative-fuelled vessel orders hit highest monthly level since October 2024

LNG-fuelled vessels accounted for the vast majority of August activity while the strong summer performance marked a significant acceleration in ordering activity after a relatively slow start to the year.

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DNV: Alternative-fuelled vessel orders hit highest monthly level since October 2024

Latest data from classification society DNV’s Alternative Fuels Insight (AFI) platform alternative-fuelled vessel ordering was strong in August, with 52 new vessels added to the platform.

This is the highest monthly total since October 2024 and follows another active month in July, when 47 vessels were added to the database.

LNG-fuelled vessels accounted for the vast majority of August activity, with 46 orders recorded. The container segment led the way with 30 orders, while the car carrier segment contributed a further 12 LNG-fuelled vessels. In addition, four ethanol-fuelled bulk carriers and two hydrogen-powered bulk carriers were added during the month, as well as one LNG bunker vessel.

The strong summer performance marked a significant acceleration in ordering activity after a relatively slow start to the year. In total, 242 alternative-fuelled vessel orders have been placed in the first eight months of 2026, representing a 27% increase compared with the same period in 2025.

LNG remains the dominant fuel choice, accounting for 63% of all alternative-fuelled vessel orders registered so far this year. Container vessels represent the largest share of these LNG orders (59%), followed by car carriers (30%).

Jason Stefanatos, Global Decarbonization Director at DNV Maritime, said: “The past two months have been particularly strong for alternative-fuelled vessel ordering, with August recording the highest monthly total we’ve seen since October 2024. This has helped lift year-to-date orders to a level well above the same period last year.

“LNG remains the leading fuel choice, driven largely by activity in the container and car carrier segments. These sectors have been among the earliest adopters of alternative fuels, supported by predictable liner operations and increasing demand from cargo owners to reduce emissions across supply chains. 

“For many owners, LNG offers a combination of emissions reductions, fuel availability and future flexibility while the longer-term fuel landscape continues to evolve. 

“At the same time, the latest figures include orders for ethanol- and hydrogen-fuelled vessels, highlighting that owners continue to explore a range of decarbonization pathways. Different segments are making different fuel choices, but the overall level of activity demonstrates continued investment in lower-emission shipping.”

Screenshot 2026 09 04 at 12.29.26 PM Screenshot 2026 09 04 at 12.29.36 PM

 

Photo credit: DNV
Published: 4 September, 2026

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Methanol

GENA Solutions: Total renewable and low-carbon methanol project pipeline increases from 61.8 to 62.2 Mt by 2032

Information shared by MI – the Global Methanol Alliance meant to assist the maritime industry in the adoption of methanol as a mainstream marine fuel heading into IMO 2030/2050.

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MI – the Global Methanol Alliance recently shared with Manifold Times the renewable and low-carbon methanol project pipeline August 2026 release produced by GENA Solutions Oy.

Information from the release is meant to provide the bunkering publication’s readers with insight on renewable methanol availability, and to assist the maritime industry in the adoption of methanol as a mainstream marine fuel heading into IMO 2030/2050.

Key takeaways from GENA’s August 2026 Methanol release are as follows:

  • As of the end of August 2026, GENA tracks 286 renewable and low carbon methanol projects, representing 62.2 Mt of capacity by 2032. This includes 25.1 Mt of e-methanol, 25.9 Mt of biomethanol, and 11.2 Mt of low carbon methanol capacity.
  • Two new projects were added to Project Navigator last month, while one frozen project was excluded. The project pipeline increased by 0.4 Mt month on month.
  • Four new offtake agreements were registered during August, including two biomethanol and two e-methanol agreements.
  • About 8% of the cumulative renewable methanol project pipeline capacity has reached FID so far, with another 11% at the FEED stage.
  • Considering the current uncertainty around regulatory developments and demand growth, GENA projects that renewable methanol capacity could reach 6 Mt to 12 Mt by 2031.

Note: The full article can be viewed here.

Renewable methanol project pipeline 4 Renewable methanol by feedstock 8 Renewable methanol by region 7 Project pipeline by status Methanol capacity scenarios

 

Photo credit: GENA Solutions
Published: 4 September, 2026

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