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NorthStandard: Contractual issues for methanol in alternative and dual-fuel future

Established time charter terms and legal frameworks require attention to accommodate methanol’s rise as a key alternative bunker fuel, writes Scott Pilkington, Senior Solicitor (FD&D), NorthStandard.

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NorthStandard: Contractual issues for methanol in alternative and dual-fuel future

Scott Pilkington, Senior Solicitor (FD&D) of global marine insurer NorthStandard on Wednesday (27 March) shared an article with Singapore-based bunkering publication Manifold Times on possible future contractual disputes arising from the use of methanol as an alternative bunker fuel and how to avoid it:

Shipping’s need to decarbonise continues to drive orders for vessels featuring alternative and dual fuel capability, but established charter forms and terms are unlikely to be fully equipped to deal with the use of methanol.

The alternative marine fuel, whose potential as a route to ship decarbonisation saw orders for new ‘methanol-ready’ ships overtake those set up for LNG in 2023, remains the subject of ambiguity where procurement, bunkering costs, product quality and onboard handling are concerned. 

These are fertile areas for future contractual disputes, suggesting that robust provisions need to be tailored to methanol’s peculiarities to navigate uncertainties, and to allocate risks and costs clearly and comprehensively.

Consider these scenarios and issues:

  • Bunkering Delays: Limited methanol bunkering stations, and supply mainly being available by small ships could lead to extended waiting times. Who bears the delay time? Specific provisions for methanol bunkering defining acceptable waiting times, cost-sharing mechanisms for delays, and procedures for sourcing alternative fuels in case of unavailability would need to be considered.
  • Methanol Quality Issues: Contaminated methanol could damage engines, necessitating repairs, and causing delays to charter service. When does off-hire commence during repairs or when seeking alternative fuels? Would time charterers be willing to warrant the quality of supplying an unfamiliar fuel and accept the risks of any fitness and off-specification issues? Clear quality and sampling/testing protocols and pre-bunkering inspections would need to be agreed and consequences for contaminated fuel, including off-hire periods and responsibility for repair costs would need to be allocated.
  • Engine Switching Malfunctions: Dual-fuel engines might face issues switching between methanol and traditional fuels. Outlining off-hire events, repair procedures, and cost allocation during downtime if such malfunctions disrupt operations would ideally be addressed.
  • Performance: Speed and consumption disputes may arise if the vessel’s performance deviates significantly from the agreed warranties in the charter. Having an initial trial period for methanol and dual-fuel use, and for switching between fuel types on a “without guarantee” basis may need to be considered before performance metrics are clear and binding figures can be agreed. Tolerances for “about” would need to be carefully defined.
  • Off-hire and Safety Concerns: Off-hire and other disputes might arise if the vessel cannot operate safely with methanol as a dual fuel or if environmental regulations are breached. “Breakdowns” would usually be included as off-hire, but specific outlining of other methanol-related off-hire events may need to be considered.
  • Incidents and accidents: Provision will need to be made allocating liabilities and responsibilities in the event of incidents or accidents related to methanol use including pollution risks, damage to third parties, and other liabilities arising from the adoption of methanol as a marine fuel.
  • Crew Competency and Training: Specific provisions may need to be included in charters that require adequate training for crew members for methanol handling to enhance crew safety and wellbeing and to minimise legal risks associated with human error.

Given the likely propensity for disputes arising from the use of methanol as a relatively new alternative fuel, alternative dispute resolution agreements for claims related to technical issues, or performance may assist the parties to reach early settlement and avoid uncertain and drawn-out arbitration or litigation which is likely to be dependent on technical and expert evidence.

Note: More information on NorthStandard and decarbonisation in shipping can be found here.

 

Photo credit: NorthStandard
Published: 28 March 2024

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Alternative Fuels

LR, China’s MARIC unveil tanker concept ready for three future bunker fuels

Both secured AiP for a new 114,000 DWT product and crude oil tanker designed to accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia.

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LR, China’s MARIC unveil tanker concept ready for three future bunker fuels

Lloyd’s Register (LR) and the Marine Design and Research Institute of China (MARIC) on Thursday (3 September) have secured Approval in Principle (AiP) for a new 114,000 DWT product and crude oil tanker designed to accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia.

Announced at SMM 2026, the concept addresses one of the biggest investment challenges facing shipping today: the need to develop vessels and capabilities that can support a range of alternative fuel options and pathways as technologies, infrastructure and regulations evolve.

While LNG is already a mature fuel pathway, methanol and ammonia remain at an earlier stage of development, with questions around global fuel availability, infrastructure development, economics and long-term adoption.

The 114,000 DWT tanker concept has been designed as a product and crude oil carrier that can accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia as technologies, regulations and fuel supply chains mature. By incorporating conversion readiness at the design stage, the concept aims to reduce future retrofit complexity and provide owners with greater confidence when planning long-term fleet investments.

The design concept was reviewed against LR’s July 2026 class rules and regulations, including requirements relating to ships using gases and other low-flashpoint fuels, alongside relevant IACS Common Structural Rules for oil tankers. Final classification and statutory approval remain subject to full compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

Theo Kourmpelis, Global Business Director for Tankers, Lloyd’s Register, said: “Shipowners are being asked to make major investment decisions today despite continued uncertainty around which fuels will dominate in the decades ahead. Alternative fuel solutions each offer potential pathways to compliance, but fuel infrastructure, regulation and economics continue to evolve at different speeds around the world.

“Designs that preserve flexibility will be critical in helping owners manage risk while preparing for multiple future scenarios.”

Si Nan, Marine & Offshore Marketing Department Vice Director, MARIC, said: “As the industry explores different decarbonisation pathways, shipowners need vessel designs that can adapt alongside technological and regulatory developments. This concept was developed specifically to provide greater fuel flexibility and long-term resilience, allowing owners to respond to changing market requirements without being locked into a single fuel strategy.

“Receiving Approval in Principle from Lloyd’s Register is an important milestone that validates the design concept and supports its future development.”

 

Photo credit: Lloyd’s Register
Published: 4 September, 2026

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Alternative Fuels

DNV: Alternative-fuelled vessel orders hit highest monthly level since October 2024

LNG-fuelled vessels accounted for the vast majority of August activity while the strong summer performance marked a significant acceleration in ordering activity after a relatively slow start to the year.

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DNV: Alternative-fuelled vessel orders hit highest monthly level since October 2024

Latest data from classification society DNV’s Alternative Fuels Insight (AFI) platform alternative-fuelled vessel ordering was strong in August, with 52 new vessels added to the platform.

This is the highest monthly total since October 2024 and follows another active month in July, when 47 vessels were added to the database.

LNG-fuelled vessels accounted for the vast majority of August activity, with 46 orders recorded. The container segment led the way with 30 orders, while the car carrier segment contributed a further 12 LNG-fuelled vessels. In addition, four ethanol-fuelled bulk carriers and two hydrogen-powered bulk carriers were added during the month, as well as one LNG bunker vessel.

The strong summer performance marked a significant acceleration in ordering activity after a relatively slow start to the year. In total, 242 alternative-fuelled vessel orders have been placed in the first eight months of 2026, representing a 27% increase compared with the same period in 2025.

LNG remains the dominant fuel choice, accounting for 63% of all alternative-fuelled vessel orders registered so far this year. Container vessels represent the largest share of these LNG orders (59%), followed by car carriers (30%).

Jason Stefanatos, Global Decarbonization Director at DNV Maritime, said: “The past two months have been particularly strong for alternative-fuelled vessel ordering, with August recording the highest monthly total we’ve seen since October 2024. This has helped lift year-to-date orders to a level well above the same period last year.

“LNG remains the leading fuel choice, driven largely by activity in the container and car carrier segments. These sectors have been among the earliest adopters of alternative fuels, supported by predictable liner operations and increasing demand from cargo owners to reduce emissions across supply chains. 

“For many owners, LNG offers a combination of emissions reductions, fuel availability and future flexibility while the longer-term fuel landscape continues to evolve. 

“At the same time, the latest figures include orders for ethanol- and hydrogen-fuelled vessels, highlighting that owners continue to explore a range of decarbonization pathways. Different segments are making different fuel choices, but the overall level of activity demonstrates continued investment in lower-emission shipping.”

Screenshot 2026 09 04 at 12.29.26 PM Screenshot 2026 09 04 at 12.29.36 PM

 

Photo credit: DNV
Published: 4 September, 2026

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Methanol

GENA Solutions: Total renewable and low-carbon methanol project pipeline increases from 61.8 to 62.2 Mt by 2032

Information shared by MI – the Global Methanol Alliance meant to assist the maritime industry in the adoption of methanol as a mainstream marine fuel heading into IMO 2030/2050.

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MI – the Global Methanol Alliance recently shared with Manifold Times the renewable and low-carbon methanol project pipeline August 2026 release produced by GENA Solutions Oy.

Information from the release is meant to provide the bunkering publication’s readers with insight on renewable methanol availability, and to assist the maritime industry in the adoption of methanol as a mainstream marine fuel heading into IMO 2030/2050.

Key takeaways from GENA’s August 2026 Methanol release are as follows:

  • As of the end of August 2026, GENA tracks 286 renewable and low carbon methanol projects, representing 62.2 Mt of capacity by 2032. This includes 25.1 Mt of e-methanol, 25.9 Mt of biomethanol, and 11.2 Mt of low carbon methanol capacity.
  • Two new projects were added to Project Navigator last month, while one frozen project was excluded. The project pipeline increased by 0.4 Mt month on month.
  • Four new offtake agreements were registered during August, including two biomethanol and two e-methanol agreements.
  • About 8% of the cumulative renewable methanol project pipeline capacity has reached FID so far, with another 11% at the FEED stage.
  • Considering the current uncertainty around regulatory developments and demand growth, GENA projects that renewable methanol capacity could reach 6 Mt to 12 Mt by 2031.

Note: The full article can be viewed here.

Renewable methanol project pipeline 4 Renewable methanol by feedstock 8 Renewable methanol by region 7 Project pipeline by status Methanol capacity scenarios

 

Photo credit: GENA Solutions
Published: 4 September, 2026

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