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MFM bunkering at Singapore port – Who will guard the guards themselves?

CCIC discuss the progression of MFM technology for bunkering at Singapore port with Manifold Times; and possible development of a primary facility for MFM calibration.

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Bunker tanker sailing in Singapore port

The use of mass flowmeters (MFM) for bunkering, a concept originally developed through a project spearheaded by the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) but included various authorities such as the National Metrology Centre (NMC), Weights and Measures Office (WMO), and commercial players in 2009, is a milestone for Singapore’s bunkering sector.

Efforts put forth by the multi-stakeholder Working Group (WG) on Mass Flow Metering under the direction of the Technical Committee (TC) for Bunkering has now resulted in the technology’s fifth year of mandatory operations (from 1 January 2017 for MFO deliveries) for bunkering at the republic.

Continuous digital data captured during the delivery process, open for inspection by authorised parties at any point in time, has introduced the welcomed element of transparency over yesteryear methods of tank sounding – considered a ‘plus’ by shipowners lifting marine fuel at the world’s largest bunkering port.

Today, almost 50 million metric tonnes (mt) of marine fuel flow through MFM systems governed by the Singapore Standard SS 648: 2019 – Code of Practice for Bunker Mass Flow Metering, which forebear TR 48:2015 was found to have improved productivity for bunkering at Singapore port to the tune of savings between SGD 80.6 million to SGD 199.4 million.

Altogether, it seems now is the time for MFM stakeholders to take a backseat and enjoy the fruits of their labour; but is it?

Establishment of a primary calibration facility for bunkering MFMs at the republic

With many MFMs either above or entering their third year of use at Singapore port, Francis Tan, Head of Engineering & Measurement Division, CCIC Singapore, suggests now may be a timely moment for industry stakeholders to explore construction of a primary calibration facility for bunkering MFMs at the republic.

The current industry requirements set by SS 648:2019 (Clause 6.4.3) as required by implementing authority MPA states for bunkering MFMs to be calibrated periodically from the date of approval by MPA, or as required by MPA.

More importantly, the calibration process will need to comply with ISO/IEC 17025 in accordance with SS 648.

However, such primary calibration facilities to ensure bunkering MFMs satisfy the requirement set out in SS 648, Clause 6.2.2 – which calls for the use of the actual medium for calibration – are currently unavailable at Singapore.

“Unlike traditional geared meters, Coriolis-based MFM technology used on Singapore bunker tankers do not use moving mechanical parts per se. Therefore, it required low maintenance, especially during the first few years of use,” explains Mr Tan.

“However, any measurement instrument, especially MFMs in which electronic components form a critical part of the instrument, will still need periodic calibration to maintain assurance of the devices’ integrity to bunker industry stakeholders.

“Re-calibration of current MPA-approved bunkering MFMs, while still in good condition, is required.”

“While the SS648 bunkering standard refers to a technically sound and supported calibration using the primary method, efforts to realise the development of such calibration facilities has not even began.”

He opined that satisfying the requirements per SS 648 which take reference from OIML R117 is perhaps “more important” as it pertains to custody transfer – which is the situation in bunkering.

“Calibration serves to reduce the financial risks to buyers and sellers. Oil majors routinely require their flow meters to be calibrated as frequently as every quarter,” he notes.

“Compared with the large volume and cost of products typically transacted using a bunkering flow meter annually, the cost of calibration is minuscule. In the case of Singapore’s bunkering market with its turnover of USD 40 billion annually, safe guarding and implementation of mandatory calibration on a primary calibration lab is a small price to pay.”

Mr. Tan feels it is timely for Singapore to have a primary MFM calibration facility to support its bunkering industry.

“With targeted support and initiative, such a facility can indeed be realised and Singapore can demonstrate its leadership as the top bunkering port characterised by transparency and fairness,” he believes.

Authorities taking gradual and appropriate steps to ensure MFM performance

Darrick Pang, Managing Director of Metcore International Pte Ltd, an appointed Authorised Verifier (AV) facilitating verification of MFMs using a master mass flow meter as the reference standard, welcomes ideas and developments to support and enhance the measurement integrity and transparency of MFMs.

He believes the authorities are taking gradual and appropriate steps to ensure the performance of the MFMs are verified for their accuracy.

“Collaboration among all stakeholders is the key to success in charting the way forward,” said Mr Pang, citing the recent launch of Technical Reference (TR) 80 : 2020 Meter Verification Using Master Mass Flow Meter as an example.

“Bunkering MFMs have been operating in harsh marine conditions since the implementation of MFMs in Singapore waterfront from 2015 onwards; it is only proper that the MFMs are frequently verified or calibrated,” he states.

 

Photo credit: Manifold Times
Published: 15 June, 2021

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Legal

Singapore police arrest eight over alleged illegal MGO transaction off Tuas

SPF says preliminary investigations found that crew members of a Singapore-registered tugboat misappropriated MGO worth about SGD 10,570 without their company’s knowledge and sold it illegally.

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Singapore police arrest eight over alleged illegal MGO transaction off Tuas

The Singapore Police Force (SPF) on Thursday (13 August) said it has arrested eight men, aged between 25 and 54, for their suspected involvement in an illegal transaction of Marine Gas Oil (MGO).

On 13 August 2026 at about 1.05am, officers from the Police Coast Guard (PCG) conducted a check on a Singapore-registered tugboat in the waters off Tuas and discovered that eight crew members were possibly involved in the illegal transaction of MGO. 

“Preliminary investigations revealed that the crew members of the tugboats misappropriated MGO valued at about SGD 10,570 (USD 8,258), without their company’s knowledge,” SPF said in a statement.

“The MGO was sold illegally for their personal financial gain.”

The eight crew members will be charged in court on 14 August 2026 with the offence of theft by servant of property in possession of master under Section 381 of the Penal Code 1871 If convicted, they shall be punished with an imprisonment term that may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.

“The Police take a serious view of illegal transaction of MGO in Singapore Territorial Waters and will continue to conduct enforcement and security checks to prevent, deter and detect such illicit activities in Singapore waters,” SPF added. 

 

Photo credit: Singapore Police Force
Published: 14 August, 2026

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Port & Regulatory

Gard: Sulphur-related bunker claims rise amid tighter China MSA enforcement

Claims involving excessive sulphur content in marine fuels have been rising, while stricter inspections by the China MSA have heightened the focus on sulphur compliance, particularly in the Bohai Sea.

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shraga kopstein on Unsplash

Maritime protection and indemnity (P&I) club Gard on Wednesday (12 August) highlighted that claims involving excessive sulphur content in marine fuels have been rising, while stricter inspections by the China MSA have heightened the focus on sulphur compliance, particularly in the Bohai Sea:

Rise in off-spec sulphur claims

Recent claims experience indicates that bunker quality continues to pose a significant operational risk for shipowners. In our earlier review of bunker-related claims during the first five months of 2026, we highlighted a rise in off-specification bunker incidents amid increased pressure on global fuel supply chains following the escalation of the conflict in the Middle East. 

Specifically for Sulphur compliance, between January and June 2026, the number of sulphur-related cases increased by more than threefold compared with the same period in 2025. Notably, the number of cases recorded in the first six months of this year has already exceeded the total number reported during the whole of last year by approximately 40%. 

While each case is fact-specific, the increase is notable because excessive sulphur content constitutes a MARPOL compliance issue. Unlike many other bunker quality problems, sulphur non-compliance identified through port state inspections can result in vessel delays, enforcement action, and substantial costs associated with debunkering and fuel disposal. 

The map below illustrates the geographical distribution of sulphur-related claims recorded during the first six months of 2026, based on the location where the bunkers were stemmed.

Distribution of sulphur related claims

China MSA steps up sulphur compliance enforcement

According to our correspondent, Huatai, on 5 June 2026, the maritime authorities of Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning and Shandong jointly launched a special campaign on ship pollution prevention and control in the Bohai Sea region. The campaign involves coordinated supervision by local MSA branches across the region and is expected to last nearly five months. It covers major ports and surrounding port areas in the Bohai Sea region, including Tianjin, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Huanghua, Jinzhou, Yingkou and Longkou. 

While the initiative is broader than bunker sulphur compliance alone, its scope includes inspections relating to air pollution prevention, SOx emissions, fuel compliance and other high-pollution-risk operations. Enforcement measures are expected to comprise onboard inspections, cross-regional enforcement activities, unannounced spot checks and remote monitoring. These efforts will be supported by a combination of UAV patrols, maritime patrol vessels, shore-based monitoring systems and rapid on-site fuel testing. 

As a result, vessels trading in the Bohai Sea region may experience increased scrutiny of fuel compliance documentation, fuel sampling records, onboard fuel management procedures, and the handling or disposal of suspected non-compliant fuel.

Documents typically requested by China MSA

Based on our recent experience, including the case discussed above, and subject to the specific requirements of the local MSA office, owners and operators may be requested to provide supporting documentation such as: 

  • Bunker documentation – Bunker Delivery Notes (BDNs), MARPOL fuel sample records, fuel test reports, and relevant fuel quality certificates. 
  • Statutory certificates – including the International Air Pollution Prevention (IAPP) Certificate and International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) Certificate. 
  • Operational records – engine logbooks, deck and navigation logbooks, Oil Record Book entries, and records relating to fuel transfers, storage and consumption. 
  • Sampling documentation – the Master’s statement and any records demonstrating how fuel samples were drawn, sealed, labelled, handled and retained. 
  • Correspondence records – communications with the authorities, bunker suppliers, charterers and other relevant stakeholders. 
  • Fuel disposal records – approved disposal plans, debunkering documentation, receipts and evidence of final disposal, where applicable. 

The exact documentation required will depend on the nature of the investigation, the findings of the inspection, and the requirements of the local enforcement authority. 

Possible regulatory consequences in China

Under the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People’s Republic of China, ocean-going vessels are required to use fuel oil meeting atmospheric pollutant control requirements after berthing. Vessels operating within designated emission control areas must also comply with applicable emission standards. Article 106 provides that where vessel fuel oil fails to meet applicable standards or requirements, the competent maritime authorities may impose fines ranging from RMB 10,000 to RMB 100,000. Liability may extend to shipowners, ship operators and ship managers depending upon the circumstances of the case. 

Recommendation

Sulphur compliance should be treated as both a fuel quality and regulatory risk. Owners and operators are encouraged to take preventive steps before bunkering, act promptly if non-compliant fuel is suspected, and preserve evidence carefully if an inspection or claim arises. Under amended 

Resolution A.1206(34), Appendix 18, 2.1.5, if the BDN shows compliant fuel, but the master has independent test results of the fuel oil sample taken by the ship during the bunkering which indicates non-compliance, the master may document this by notifying the ship’s flag Administration, with copies to: 

  • the competent authority of the relevant port of destination, 
  • the Administration under whose jurisdiction the bunker deliverer is located, 
  • and to the bunker deliverer.

 

Photo credit: shraga kopstein on Unsplash / Gard
Published: 14 August, 2026

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LNG Bunkering

Shell expands LNG bunkering footprint in Spain with Valencia

As one of the region’s key maritime hubs, the company said Valencia expands the options available to shipowners seeking LNG supply along major shipping routes.

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Shell expands LNG bunkering footprint in Spain with Valencia

British oil giant Shell on Thursday (13 August) said Valencia has joined its growing network of bunkering locations, making LNG available as a marine fuel.

The successful completion of the first LNG bunkering operation in Valencia marked an important milestone for Spain and further strengthened Shell’s LNG supply capabilities across the Mediterranean. 

In a video shared by the company, bunkering vessel Alice Consulich was shown supplying an undisclosed volume of LNG to the container ship MSC Sabrina.

“As one of the region’s key maritime hubs, Valencia expands the options available to shipowners seeking LNG supply along major shipping routes,” Shell said in a social media post. 

Shell said the achievement reflected the strong collaboration across the maritime value chain, including MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company, the Port of Valencia and Fratelli Cosulich Group.

“We look forward to making more LNG bunker deliveries in Valencia and across the Mediterranean as LNG infrastructure and capabilities continue to expand,” the company said. 

 

Photo credit: Shell
Published: 14 August, 2026

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