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Fuel Quality

Singapore: Maritec releases whitepaper reviewing VLSFO bunker fuel 

Study reviews fuel stability, fuel stability reserve, and the corresponding analysis techniques of Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oils given that fuel stability is the primary concern with this fuel type, says Maritec.

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Bunker fuel testing and marine surveying business Maritec Pte Ltd (Maritec) on Friday (29 September) published a whitepaper on reviewing fuel stability, fuel stability reserve, and the corresponding analysis techniques of Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oils (VLSFOs).

The following are excerpts from the ‘Analysis Methods for Measuring Stability, Stability Reserve & Compatibility of Residual Marine Fuels’:

Introduction

Since 1 January 2020, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has enforced a 0.50% global sulphur cap for the shipping industry to reduce sulphur oxide emissions. A comparison of pre-IMO 2020 fuels and post-IMO 2020 fuels reveals that the latter exhibit greater instability, waxiness, lower density & viscosity, lower micro carbon residue (MCR), lower calculated carbon aromaticity index (CCAI), lower vanadium content, higher net specific energy, higher pour point, and higher acid number. The decreased stability reserve (higher paraffinic and lower aromatic content) of post-IMO 2020 fuels also raises concerns about compatibility issues when different fuels are mixed.

To address these challenges, Maritec lab is equipped with the necessary equipment and testing methods to assess the cleanliness, stability, stability reserve, compatibility, and cold flow properties of post-IMO fuels. Given that fuel stability is the primary concern with Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oils (VLSFOs), this article focuses on reviewing fuel stability, fuel stability reserve, and the corresponding analysis techniques.

Blending of Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (VLSFO, IMO 2020 Compliant Fuel)

IMO global sulphur cap of 0.5%S has changed the primary blending target from viscosity and density to sulphur. Marine fuels post-IMO 2020 has seen a wide variability of fuel formulations and characteristics.

Typically, very low sulphur fuel oils can be blended using three categories of blend stocks (1):

Screenshot 2023 10 02 at 11.13.58 AM 1

Blending of Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (VLSFO, IMO 2020 Compliant Fuel)

IMO global sulphur cap of 0.5%S has changed the primary blending target from viscosity and density to sulphur. Marine fuels post-IMO 2020 has seen a wide variability of fuel formulations and characteristics.

Typically, very low sulphur fuel oils can be blended using three categories of blend stocks (1):

Based on the available blend stocks, very low sulphur fuel oils can generally be blended into four major types/groups:

Screenshot 2023 10 02 at 11.15.33 AM

Fuel characteristics evolution and potential quality issues due to 0.5%S Limit

Post-IMO 2020 fuels (VLSFOs) exhibit lower density, lower viscosity, lower MCR (Micro Carbon Residue), lower CCAI (Calculated Carbon Aromaticity Index), lower vanadium content, higher net specific energy, higher pour point, and higher acid number compared to pre-IMO 2020 fuels

It is also noted that VLSFOs generally have better ignition and combustion properties, which contribute to efficient fuel utilization and combustion processes.

However, there is a rise in cold flow property issues within paraffinic-grade very low sulphur fuel oils (VLSFOs), characterized by higher pour points, can potentially introduce concerns regarding cold flow problems, particularly wax formation.

An increase in fuel stability issues is also observed which arises from two factors. Firstly, the use of hydrotreated blend stocks reduces the stability reserve of the fuel due to lower aromaticity and asphaltene solubility. Secondly, when low sulphur aromatic and paraffinic blend stocks are mixed, fuel instability may occur if the blend lacks adequate aromatic content to dissolve the asphaltenes present. Additionally, an increase in fuel compatibility issues can occur when aromatic and paraffinic-grade VLSFOs are co-mingled, leading to incompatibility and potential flocculation of asphaltenes if the blend lacks sufficient aromatics.

Conclusion

The factors that influence stability of residual fuels are fuel formulation (an internal factor, fuel blend itself – on whether the fuel has sufficient aromaticity or contains any appreciable amount on non-hydrocarbons especially non-hydrocarbons containing hydroxyl group such as alkylresorcianols/alkyl-1,3-benzenediols and others) and the external factors such as thermal & mechanical stress and storage time/duration.

The data collated in this article indicates that most of the unstable fuels or marginally stable fuels that cause sludging and filter clogging issues were mostly due to fuel formulation (an internal factor) - either high or borderline high total sediment due to the presence of chemical contaminants, fuels containing appreciable amount of non-hydrocarbons that contain hydroxyl group such as alkylresorcianols/alkyl-1,3-benzenediols, phenolic compounds and others.

Our past historical data indicated that there are also instances that fuels are detected with certain concentration of alkylresorcinols, phenolic compounds and slightly reactive hydrocarbons however the vessels are able to consume the fuels without any operational issues. It is recommended that when a fuel is detected with the presence of alkylresorcinols, phenolic compounds and slightly reactive hydrocarbons, it is important that fuel stability reserve for the fuel shall also be evaluated, if the fuel is identified to contain alkylresorcinols, phenolic compounds & slightly reactive hydrocarbons and the fuel is also unstable or marginally stable, the vessel is recommended practice the aforementioned preventive measures to prevent, reduce and solve the potential sludging and filter clogging issues.

Moving Forward

In the near future when biofuels is widely adopted as drop-in marine fuel to achieve the regulatory requirements on reduction of carbon/GHG emission, due to the diversity of the liquid cutter stocks derived from biomass, marine fuel stability and marine fuel stability reserve will become critical test parameters.

Note: The full version of the ‘Analysis Methods for Measuring Stability, Stability Reserve & Compatibility of Residual Marine Fuels’ whitepaper can be viewed here.

Photo credit: Maritec Pte Ltd
Published: 2 October, 2023

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Bunker Alerts

Bunker Flash: Low flashpoint bunker fuels in Singapore and Indonesia, warns Maritec 

Low flashpoint found in three samples of VLSFO deliveries in Singapore from different suppliers and barges as well as eleven samples of HSD and B35 deliveries in Indonesia, says Maritec.

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Marine fuel testing and marine surveying business Maritec Pte Ltd (CTI-Maritec) on Friday (27 October) issued an alert regarding low-flashpoint bunker fuels found in samples from Singapore and Indonesia.

Maritec Pte Ltd has tested three samples of VLSFO deliveries in Singapore with flashpoint as low as 54°C from different suppliers and barges as well as eleven samples (from the period of 5th September 2023 to 19th October 2023) of HSD and B35 deliveries in Indonesia with flashpoint as low as 41°C from mostly a single supplier.

SOLAS Chapter II-2, Part B, Reg. 4. Clause 2.1.1 states:

“The following limitations shall apply to the use of oil as fuel, except as otherwise permitted by this paragraph, no oil fuel with a flashpoint of less than 60°C shall be used.” 

Recommendations by CTI-Maritec:

If your vessel has bunkered a low flashpoint fuel it is prudent to observe the below precautions:

• Flame screens on tank vents should be maintained in good condition and there should be no sources of ignition in the vicinity of the vents. This will assist in safe natural ventilation of volatile components in the fuel.

• No Smoking, No naked flame and No hot work must be allowed at any areas near to tank air vents.

• Send additional tank(s) samples upon arrival in port to check the fuel properties and flash point

results especially if there has been co-mingling of fuels in bunker tanks

• If the vessel is out at sea it may be possible to obtain dispensation from your Flag State

Administration up to next arrival port

• Put the supplier on notice promptly and notify your P&I club.

ISO 4259 interpretation for tested flashpoint temperature is not taken into consideration here as the safety of onboard crew and vessel is of higher precedence.

This document however does not reflect on the overall quality of fuel being supplied at Singapore, if you intend to bunker at this region please request for a Certificate of Quality prior to loading.

Photo credit: Maritec
Published: 30 October, 2023

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Fuel Quality

Shipergy launches digital VCOQ™certificate for enhanced bunker supplier selection insights

VCOQ™ offers companies enhanced supplier selection insights based on fuel quality; new tool covers all marine fuel grades at all ports worldwide including new biofuel options.

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Marine fuel trading and procurement Shipergy on Tuesday (17 October) introduced its latest trademarked digital innovation: VCOQ™ (Verified Certificate of Quality). 

VCOQ™ offers companies enhanced supplier selection insights based on fuel quality. By leveraging fresher and less biased data than traditional COQs, VCOQ™ provides a level of clarity and accuracy previously unattainable. Exclusively for Shipergy's bunker clients, the product is currently available free-of-charge.  The VCOQ™ covers all fuel grades at all ports worldwide, including new biofuel options.

Shipergy added VCOQ™ has been shortlisted for the esteemed Marine Fuels 360 Digitisation Award, contending with entries from much larger companies like ZeroNorth and Minerva Bunkering.

Daniel Rose, CEO of Shipergy, said: "Over 30 companies signed up for VCOQ™ during its beta phase, indicating its potential transformative impact on the marine fuel sector. Earning a spot among the award nominees reaffirms our commitment to pioneering digital solutions for the marine fuel industry. Offering VCOQ™ at no added cost to our clients emphasizes our dedication to quality and innovation."

Rose, said: "Being shortlisted is a testament to VCOQ's™ capabilities and highlights the groundbreaking direction in which Shipergy is headed. Our vision is clear: to propel the industry forward using top-tier, cutting-edge offerings."

The winners of the Marine Fuels 360 Awards' Digitisation category will be unveiled in late November.

Photo credit: Shipergy
Published: 18 October, 2023

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Biofuel

MPA: Bunker suppliers must provide Proof of Sustainability with BDN for biofuel deliveries

MPA licensed bunker suppliers, at the request of customers or owner of receiving vessel, must provide a POS or similar documentation from a recognised scheme together with the Bunker Delivery Note.

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The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) on Monday (16 October) issued Port Marine Circular No. 11 of 2023 informing MPA licensed bunker suppliers to provide a Proof of Sustainability or similar documentation together with the Bunker Delivery Note for biofuel bunker deliveries:

ISSUANCE OF A PROOF OF SUSTAINABILITY WITH THE BUNKER DELIVERY NOTE FOR BIO-FUEL DELIVERIES TO SHIPS ENGAGED IN INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING IN THE PORT OF SINGAPORE

This circular serves to inform all bunker suppliers and bunker craft operators licensed by the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) on the requirements to issue a Proof of Sustainability (POS) from a recognised scheme together with the Bunker Delivery Note when biofuel is supplied to vessels in the Port of Singapore.

This circular should be read in conjunction with PMC 21 of 2022 – Supply of biofuel within the Port of Singapore to vessels, where amongst other requirements, bunker suppliers had been encouraged to supply International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) certified biofuel.

The 80th session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) approved the “Interim guidance on the use biofuels under regulations 26, 27 and 28 of MARPOL Annex VI (IMO DCS and CII)”. This was promulgated via MEPC.1/Circ.905 for application from 01 October 2023. The circular is attached as Annex A.

Arising from MEPC.1/Circ.905, from 01 October 2023, MPA licensed bunker suppliers, at the request of their customers or the Master/owner of the receiving vessel, must provide a POS or similar documentation from a recognised scheme together with the Bunker Delivery Note (BDN).

When a POS or similar documentation is provided to the receiving vessel, the bunker supplier must also provide to MPA Standards and Investigation – Marine Fuel (SIMF) Department (i.e. [email protected]) a copy of such documentation. MPA will conduct random checks and contact the bunker suppliers for additional details as and when necessary.

This circular is for an interim period only, until a more comprehensive method is developed for international shipping to calculate a fuel's Emission Conversion Factor reflecting the emissions based on the LCA Guidelines by the IMO. For the nationally determined contributions to emission reduction for the national emission reduction goals and the use of biofuels for harbourcraft where the greenhouse gas emissions are reported, the relevant factors used can be referenced to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

For calculation of the CO2 Emission Conversion Factor (Cf) for international shipping, suppliers are to adopt the calculation methodology set out in MEPC.1/Circ.905.

Should you have any queries, please write to us at [email protected] or [email protected].

Note: The Annex A of the circular can be found here.

Related: Singapore: MPA develops framework to support biofuel bunker fuel deliveries
Related: Singapore bunker volume down by 4.3% on year but biofuel sales surpasses LNG
Related: Argus Media viewpoint: Biofuel bunkering in Singapore set to build
Related: Singapore: Golden Island begins fleetwide B30 biofuel bunker trial, starts tests with “Double Happiness”

Photo credit: Manifold Times
Published: 16 October, 2023

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