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Endress+Hauser factory tour series: Finer points of MFM design, explained by R&D

Manifold Times visits Endress+Hauser Flow’s factory at Reinach close to Basel, Switzerland to find out what it takes to develop and produce custody transfer MFMs widely used by the Singapore bunkering market.

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EHFL Reinach Manifold Times Martin Anklin Promass F MEKR 014 V3 MT

Manifold Times gained exclusive access into the mass flowmeter (MFM) production factory of Reinach-based Endress+Hauser Flow in Switzerland during February. This will be the first in a series of five articles produced offering behind-the-scenes glimpses of the intricate process on what goes into perfecting MFMs.

The following are key takeaways from the tour to understand more about MFM design and production:

Singapore’s bunkering sector, under the purview of the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA), has depended on mass flowmeters (MFMs) to create a level playing field for marine refuelling operations since its gradual implementation from 2012.

By the end of 2023, approximately more than 340 million metric tonnes (mt) of bunker fuel would have flowed through MFMs installed onboard Singapore bunker tankers.

Arguably, the enhanced transparency and integrity brought by MFM technology have cemented Singapore’s position as the premier bunkering port of the world.

This development has led Manifold Times to Reinach, Switzerland to learn more about MFM technology manufactured by Endress+Hauser Flow – the dominate MFM vendor chosen by Singapore’s bunkering sector.

A physicist by training, Martin Anklin, Head of Department Coriolis Sensors, Endress+Hauser Flow, who has been working for the company for over 20 years welcomed the Singapore bunkering publication at its Reinach factory. He believes people to be the foundation behind every quality Swiss product produced by the company.

“I’m deeply convinced that when you want to get to the bottom of what’s doable with the Coriolis measuring principle, you need good and motivated people with a lot of experience.” he said.

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Research & Development – The ‘bend’ of bunkering MFMs

Anklin shared MFMs used for bunkering, such as the Proline Promass F Coriolis flowmeter widely installed on Singapore bunker tankers, starts with the product idea driven by market demand.

It has taken several years of predevelopment and industrialisation while taking into consideration factors such as measurement uncertainty, environmental conditions, required flow rate, application conditions, industry standards and safety.

It is highly important for bunkering MFMs to use Coriolis technology as it is less affected by aeration compared to other measuring technologies while offering long-term stability when compared to mechanical meters.

A challenge faced by MFM designers is balancing the amount of bend and number of oscillating flow tubes to introduce within the device.

“Generally speaking, multi-tube measuring systems lead to a better balanced MFM compared to single tube MFM. This results in higher repeatability and zero-point stability. A single-tube design would not deliver the repeatability and zero-point stability required for the variety of fuel oils,” Anklin explained.

“The more bent, the more Coriolis force is available for the measurement. However, large bends tend to trap air which results in bad measuring performance. Further, the more bent the bulkier the MFM becomes, which takes up more space onboard a bunker tanker while introducing additional costs for piping.

“With the Promass F we have found a compact solution which has a slight bend while having two oscillating flow tubes for precision. This makes it a very well balanced MFM having a compact footprint.”

MFM testing rigs MT

In-house Swiss quality checks – Testing rigs galore

Manifold Times was next taken to the basement of the Reinach production plant and was surprised to find approximately 100 hardware testing rigs specially designed for abusing MFM protypes in the location.

“We do have numerous rigs to do qualification, where we really aim to rigorously test the meters before they are put out into the market,” revealed Anklin.

Prototypes are pressure tested to the stage of deformity to see how long performance is maintained during operation even far beyond specs. Engineers also test units for temperature shock, saltwater resistance, vibration, humidity, and more.

“Bunkering presents a challenging application for MFMs. Equipment which is installed on bunker tankers are exposed to high humidity, aggressive salty atmosphere, and vibration. Safety is a key aspect on bunker tankers. Therefore, the mechanical integrity of a MFM plays a major role,” he says.

“The MFM is designed and tested according to marine class standards to confirm its suitability for this harsh environment. Performance of the custody flowmeter must be good and installation effects must be diminished close to zero.”

Endress Hauser Gruppenbild 038 1 RZ master MT

Verifying the in-house MFM bunkering algorithm

Anklin highlighted bunkering as being known for its challenge of dealing with aerated fuel oil. As such, Endress+Hauser Flow has developed an intelligent algorithm which measures aerated fuel with custody transfer accuracy.

“It was a challenge developing bunkering algorithms being able to produce repeatable results based on the theory and physics behind aerated conditions with actual real-world conditions. This was also the reason why Endress+Hauser cooperated with a bunker tanker operator at Singapore port to test out the algorithm prior to commercial deployment,” he shared.

“We had to test the algorithm on all sides which includes field tests on the bunker tanker to see how the meter with the algorithm performs in various situations.

“And this also means much cooperation and communication, since the people conducting the measurement on the land are not the same as the people doing the testing on the waterfront. Further, both are not the same as the people that do the physics and analytical calculations.

“It is essential for the group to develop an excellent cooperation and build up upon the knowledge create a fully working product for the bunkering sector.”

 

Photo credit: Endress+Hauser
Published: 15 July 2024

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Mass Flowmeter

TFG Marine advances global MFM rollout with two US Gulf bunker barges

“Buffalo B414” and “Buffalo B304”, were recently fitted with the equipment, with both supply barges receiving ISO 22192 certification for their newly installed MFMs last month.

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TFG Marine advances global MFM rollout with two US Gulf bunker barges

Global marine fuel supply and procurement firm TFG Marine on Wednesday (2 September) said it continued to expand mass flow meter (MFM) technology across its US Gulf Coast bunker fleet.

The company said two more vessels, Buffalo B414 and Buffalo B304, were recently fitted with the equipment.

“Both supply barges received ISO 22192 certification for their newly installed MFMs last month, giving customers greater confidence in bunker quantity measurement while supporting a more accurate, transparent and efficient delivery process,” TFG Marine said in a social media post. 

“This marks the latest step in TFG Marine’s ongoing investment in technology and best practice across its global bunkering operations, and forms part of a broader push by our North America team to help drive progress across the region’s bunkering industry.”

Last year, TFG Marine announced it reached a key milestone in its global digitalisation programme with the installation of an ISO 22192-compliant MFM on the Buffalo 404, a barge on time charter from American bunker barge company Buffalo Marine Service Inc.

This was the first ISO-certified MFM-equipped bunkering barge operating in the US Gulf.

The installation was part of TFG Marine’s wider strategy to equip close to 90% of its global bunkering fleet with MFMs by 2026 as a commitment towards improving data integrity, streamlining operations and strengthening trust in marine fuel transactions.

Related: TFG Marine installs first ISO-certified mass flow meter on US Gulf bunkering barge

 

Photo credit: TFG Marine
Published: 4 September, 2026

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Biofuel

Report: GCMD outlines practical approach to quantity assurance in marine biofuel supply chains

GCMD releases a new report, highlighting a practical approach to help shipowners verify that they receive both the total quantity of fuel and the renewable content contracted.

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Report: GCMD outlines practical approach to quantity assurance in marine biofuel supply chains

The Global Centre for Maritime Decarbonisation (GCMD) on Thursday (27 August) released its report, Quantity assurance in marine biofuel supply chains, outlining a practical approach to help shipowners verify that they receive both the total quantity of fuel and the renewable content contracted. 

The approach draws on evidence from GCMD’s end-to-end marine biofuel supply chain trials conducted under commercial operating conditions.

Biofuels are purchased not only for their energy content, but also for the renewable content and emissions reductions they represent. The renewable fraction determines the green premium and underpins GHG accounting and regulatory compliance, yet blend ratios, such as B24 or B30, are typically supplier-declared rather than independently verified. Closing this verification gap will strengthen confidence in marine biofuel transactions.

Ensuring reliable measurement of total quantity transferred

Mass flow meters (MFMs) have become the preferred method for custody transfer, as they provide a transparent and auditable basis for determining the quantity of fuel transferred.

However, adding fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) to conventional marine fuels, such as Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (VLSFO) or High Sulphur Fuel Oil (HSFO), can reduce the final blend’s viscosity, potentially pushing it outside the validated operating range of the MFM installed on the bunker barge. To maintain measurement integrity, the viscosity of the final blend should therefore be assessed under the actual transfer conditions against the applicable MFM operating range. This can be managed through appropriate transfer-temperature control or by using MFMs that have been validated for broader ranges.

Verifying the renewable fraction in biofuel blends

Verifying the renewable fraction requires appropriate analytical methods. FAME-based blends can be verified through compositional analysis, while hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO)-based blends require radiocarbon analysis because renewable and fossil hydrocarbons cannot be distinguished through compositional testing. 

Interpreting analytical measurements, however, is not straightforward. Neat FAME may contain up to 3.5% non-ester material, so the measurable FAME content of a finished BXX blend may not exactly match its declared blend ratio.

Laboratory methods also have finite measurement precision. A difference between a measured result and a declared blend ratio therefore does not necessarily indicate incorrect blending or under-delivery.

Together, the three pillars of GCMD’s quality, quantity, and GHG emissions abatement assurance framework address whether the fuel is fit for use, delivers the claimed emissions reductions, and contains the contracted fuel quantity and renewable content. 

Professor Lynn Loo, CEO of GCMD, said: “Buyers need confidence that they have received both the fuel and the renewable content they paid for. This report provides a practical, evidence-backed basis for verifying renewable fuel claims, protecting commercial value and supporting credible GHG accounting as marine biofuel use scales.” 

Note: GCMD’s report can be found here

 

Photo credit: Global Centre for Maritime Decarbonisation
Published: 27 August, 2026

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Interview

Exclusive: Caroline Yang takes helm on future of IBIA Asia

The newly appointed Chair of IBIA’s Regional Board – Asia, shares her plans to strengthen bunkering standards while promoting transparency and industry collaboration across key Asian maritime hubs.

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Exclusive: Caroline Yang takes helm on future of IBIA Asia

Caroline Yang, CEO of Hong Lam Marine Pte Ltd, outlines her plans for IBIA Asia in her first interview with Manifold Times since becoming Chair of the Regional Board – Asia:

MT: Why is IBIA important to the bunkering market in Asia?

IBIA Asia is amongst five regional boards operating under the umbrella of London-based IBIA Global. Its presence in Asia is vital because the region, excluding the Middle East, accounts for more than 50% of global bunkering volume.

While Singapore continues to maintain its strong lead as the world’s busiest bunkering port with almost 56 million mt of marine fuel delivered in 2025, several ports in China are showing to be strong bunkering ports as well; these developments take place on the back of a forecast for China to be amongst the leading suppliers of green fuels such as methanol.

Based on this alone, IBIA Asia has to play an important role in raising and addressing issues of suppliers and shipowners and the other parties in the regional bunkering eco-system.

MT: What is the overall state of bunkering standards at major Asian ports and how can IBIA elevate this?

Singapore is the clear leader in standards, acting as a “flag bearer” with established protocols including SS 600 for bunkering, SS 648 for bunker mass flow metering, SS 524 for quality management of bunker supply chain, TR 56 for LNG bunkering, and TR 80 for meter verification using master MFM.

While other Asian ports are adopting mass flow meters – a positive step – IBIA Asia’s role is to disseminate these best practices while maintaining deep respect for local operational realities and regulatory environments.

MT: As Chair of the Regional Board – Asia, what are your plans to make this happen? Are there any topics you will be focusing on?

The IBIA Asia regional board of 10 members from comes from a diverse group of suppliers, shipowners, bunker buyers, fuels testers and bunker tanker owners. Backed by a strong secretariat, we are committed to move the needle for bunkering in Asia.

Our initial strategy is outreach-driven, progressing beyond a Singapore-centric approach. For starters, the board will be concentrating on Hong Kong, Zhoushan, and Shanghai, with potential expansion to Japan and South Korea.

The core objective is to promote the quality, transparency, and integrity of bunkers lifted in Asia. This includes building on existing MOUs such as the collaboration with Hong Kong Shipowners Association (HKSOA) to explore alternative bunker fuels, and participation in regional maritime week programmes.

MT: Do you expect to encounter any challenges? What do you think are the solutions?

Challenges, without a doubt; these include macro-level standards and topical quality issues, such as those highlighted in a recent FOBAS report.

We are aware most solutions will not have instant results, but produce short-term, mid-term and long-term responses.

The solution lies in structured communication and feedback loops involving industry, regulators, and experts. Success requires an altruistic approach where stakeholders prioritise the health of the bunkering ecosystem to achieve win-win outcomes, even at the compromise of individual sectors.

MT: Is participation of local/regional IBIA members included within your plan? How will they be involved?

Member participation is the foundation of an association’s strength. The plan involves active outreach – meeting members where they operate and integrating them into meetings to ensure the board’s positions reflect representative industry views. We must push out credible, strong messages to encourage active engagement. If there is anyone in the maritime bunkering in these areas and reading this interview, reach out to us so we can start our conversations!

The Secretariat and some board members have scheduled to visit and attend bunkering events in Hong Kong and China. In November 2026, IBIA will participate in the Hong Kong Maritime Week by organising a one-day conference. We hope to be also participating in the Shanghai Pudong Maritime Conference and the 9th International Petroleum and Natural Gas Enterprises Conference (IPEC 2026), also known as the “Zhoushan Bunker Oil conference”, in late October.

MT: How will previous experience gained at SSA, ICS, MPA, SMF, and Hong Lam Marine contribute to your role at IBIA?

As CEO of Hong Lam Marine, our bunker tankers supply about 10% of bunkering volume in Singapore, so we are an involved and relevant stakeholder. My experiences in the above-mentioned organisations have taught me how to crystallise and articulate important issues, engage effectively with diverse stakeholders, and leverage on pre-existing professional connections to engage more effectively for IBIA Asia.

Related: IBIA announces Caroline Yang as new Regional Board Chair for Asia
Related: IBIA and Hong Kong Shipowners Association to collaborate on alternative bunker fuels
Related: FOBAS report warns of growing operational risks from ISO-compliant bunker fuels

 

Photo credit: Manifold Times
Published: 6 August 2026

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