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Castrol Marine: Lubricants and engine health must not be overlooked as alternative bunker fuels emerge

Without the proper lubricant, alternative marine fuels may only be a partial component in efficient and safe vessel operations, says Gianluca Marucci, Castrol Global Marine and Energy Technical Services Director.

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Gianluca Marucci, Castrol Global Marine and Energy Technical Services Director, shared an article with Singapore-based bunkering publication Manifold Times to remind the shipping industry that proper lubricants must not forgotten as alternative bunker fuels become the main area of focus in maritime decarbonisation: 

As the maritime industry looks to decarbonise its operations, alternative fuels have become the focus. Yet, there is a risk of overlooking one aspect that will be important to the utilisation of alternative fuels: the lubricant. Without the proper lubricant, alternative fuels may only be a partial component in efficient and safe vessel operations. And, if we want to ensure a safe, efficient, and lower-carbon shipping industry, we need to consider starting with the right lubricant.

The importance of lubricants in maritime decarbonisation

When things go wrong in an engine, they can go very wrong. From issues with critical machinery to overheating, the list of reasons for engine failures is long. One crucial aspect to consider for detecting issues with engine health is the lubricant used in the engine. Any flaw in the lubrication can be fatal. In fact, lubrication failure has consistently been the number one cause of engine failure for many years, and it is an expensive thing to get wrong, with the average claim cost for a lubrication failure being in the region of $560,000.  

In the past, the performance of a cylinder oil was largely based on its base number (BN). Now, as the industry explores different fuel types with new attributes and qualities required by engine fluids, choosing the right lubricant has become considerably more difficult. The wrong lubricant with the wrong fuel could cause significant engine damage that could result in downtime, loss of earnings, repair costs as well as risking the lives of seafarers. 

Therefore, the introduction of alternative fuels means that lubricant suppliers and OEMs must work together to ensure they have the right formulation to avoid any potential disruption to engine health. An example of this is Castrol’s close collaboration with MAN Energy Solutions (MAN ES) on our Cyltech 40 XDC cylinder oil, which can be used for ships operating on LNG and methanol, as well as conventional fuels. 

With changing regulations, engines becoming more complex, and alternative fuels becoming a reality, marine lubricants will play an important role in the shipping industry’s decarbonisation journey.  Shipowners and operators will need to leverage the most out of their lubricant to overcome the complexities with the utilisation of alternative fuels to ensure crew safety, engine health, and vessel emissions.

Monitoring matters

As the marine industry continues to evolve, monitoring of lubricant performance will only grow in importance. 

On an ongoing basis, it is crucial that operators use tools such as used-oil analysis data, test kits and expert condition monitoring advice to look out for any issues. With deep knowledge of lubricant and equipment interaction necessary, shipowners need collaborations to keep their operations in sync with the latest OEM recommendations and environmental legislation.

Meanwhile, the substantial human expertise and know-how to assess and underpin these activities will continue to be key. The most efficient and effective solution to an engine issue is to speak to an expert who can interpret the data provided, wherever they are in the world. At the end of the day, marine engines are valuable, yet vulnerable assets and the expertise and experience of the Castrol team can be invaluable in supporting reliable and safe operations.

Condition monitoring technology has evolved significantly to incorporate digital solutions to support human intelligence. Meanwhile, real time smart monitor analysis, can identify issues early, helping owners and operators to make informed decisions. With easy access to the necessary information for an accurate real-time picture of the system’s state, lubricant suppliers can make use of digital tools and human expertise, to advise operators in advance when issues arise. The operators may then be able to take preventive action before any major  damage occurs.

Waiting is not an option

As the marine industry continues to evolve, it is necessary for lubricant providers to continue to step up and offer end-to-end solutions. Cutting-edge technology, combined with industry expertise and real-world experience, will enable lubricant suppliers to support the marine industry much more effectively.

 

Photo credit: Castrol Marine
Published: 25 March 2024

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Marine fuel supplier Colonial Oil Industries buys fuel distributor Atkinson Oil

Acquisition is expected to strengthen Colonial Oil Industries’ presence across the Southeast and expand its ability to deliver essential fuel and lubricant products to customers in the region.

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Marine fuel supplier Colonial Oil Industries buys fuel distributor Atkinson Oil

Colonial Oil Industries (COI), a division of Savannah-headquartered Colonial Group on Friday (1 May) announced the acquisition of Atkinson Oil Company LLC, a Sandersville-based commercial distributor of fuel and lubricants.

According to the company’s website, COI is a marine fuel supplier that provides LSMGO-DMA, ULMGO-DMA, IFO blends and marine lubricants in South Carolina, North Carolina, Florida and Georgia. 

The acquisition is expected to strengthen COI’s presence across the Southeast and expand its ability to deliver essential fuel and lubricant products to customers in the region.

“Atkinson Oil is a highly respected, relationship-driven business with deep roots in the communities it serves. The Sandersville and Macon markets serve as a natural extension of our growth strategy,” said Christian Demere, president and CEO of Colonial Group.

 “We are proud to welcome the Atkinson team to the Colonial family and look forward to continuing their legacy of trusted service for customers.”

Operations will continue in Sandersville and Macon, Georgia, with all existing facilities remaining active.

“Atkinson Oil Company LLC is pleased to transition its operations to Colonial Oil Industries, Inc., a highly respected leader in the fuel and lubricants industry” said Clint Hancock, chief executive officer of Atkinson Oil. 

“This transition reflects a shared commitment to safety, service excellence, and customer relationships, ensuring continuity for our customers while providing expanded resources and long-term growth opportunities under Colonial Oil’s leadership.”

The acquisition adds 14 Atkinson Oil team members to COI as part of an integration process designed to maintain continuity and support long-term growth.

“Customers and partners of both companies can expect uninterrupted service,” Demere said.

“The combined organisation is focused on maintaining existing relationships and over time, customers will benefit from expanded resources, enhanced distribution capabilities and additional service offerings.”

 

Photo credit: Colonial Oil Industries
Published: 6 May, 2026

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Lubricants

Singapore-based Gulf Marine expands bonded lubricant network across Fujian terminals

Company adds new supply points in Putian, Ningde, and Fuqing – growing its network across 14 additional operation terminals, four chemical product terminals, and two container/bulk cargo terminals.

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Singapore-based Gulf Marine expands bonded lubricant network across Fujian terminals

Singapore-based marine lubricant supplier Gulf Marine on Thursday (9 April) announced the expansion of its bonded lubricant supply points in China’s Fujian province, now including key terminals in Putian, Ningde, and Fuqing. 

This expansion allows vessels access to bonded lubricants across 14 additional operation terminals, four chemical product terminals, and two container/bulk cargo terminals across the region. 

“By enhancing our local network, we provide the supply resilience and responsiveness your operations require,” the company said. 

Manifold Times previously reported the company welcoming Reliable I, into service with a naming ceremony at Marina Keppel Bay, marking the arrival and operation of the company’s first purpose-built lubricant supply barge.

The vessel was expected to further strengthen Gulf Marine’s supply chain capabilities in Singapore, ensuring on-time, in-full lubricant delivery to vessels in Singapore and regional ports.

Related: Singapore: Gulf Marine debuts its first purpose-built lubricant supply barge
Related: Gulf Marine expands Singapore fleet to meet customer demand for marine lubricant delivery

 

Photo credit: Gulf Marine
Published: 10 April, 2026

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Lubricants

VPS outlines steps to maximise marine lubricant lifespan and value

Based on VPS’ database of lubricant testing data, the reported status of lubricant oil shows that over two-thirds of all lubricant oils are at a caution or Alert/Fail status after purification.

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Joe Star, Strategic Account Manager of marine fuels testing company VPS, on Thursday (19 February) highlighted the reported status of lubricant oil shows that over two-thirds of all lubricant oils are at a caution or Alert/Fail status after purification, based on the company’s database of lubricant testing data. 

He elaborated how vessels can maximise lubricant value and lifespan: 

Lubrication onboard

With thousands of litres of highly refined, and specifically formulated hydrocarbons flowing around a vessel at any one time, lubricating oils are the lifeblood of maritime operations, supporting a wide variety of applications.

Reducing friction, avoiding metal to metal contact, providing cooling and keeping components free of deposits and contamination, lubricating oils  are required to perform a wide range of duties. To ensure that this is the case, all approved lubricants are rigorously tested and must pass performance thresholds outlined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer’s (OEM’s), culminating in viscosity, Base Number and other parameters that must be achieved by the “fresh” product prior to use.

As the lubricating oils circulate throughout the systems and engines onboard, these values can and will change, based upon the harsh temperature changes, mechanical wear and external contamination through the environment, or other fluids, entering the system. The typical oil analysis testing regimes per equipment are setup to monitor and steward this amongst equipment classes, with samples routinely taken on a quarterly, six-monthly or annual basis depending upon the demands of the equipment and stress the application places on the lubricant.

As engines and equipment continue to push for greater efficiency, ensuring the lubricant can keep up with these demands, maintaining expected drain or refill intervals is critical to operating a vessel efficiently. This places a greater importance on purification and filtration systems onboard.

The following whitepaper shares insights from VPS’ extensive database of lubricant oil results, providing actionable best practices to extract maximum value and longevity from circulating systems, monetising the purifier systems onboard.

Maximising lubricant value and lifespan

When reviewing overall vessel or fleet-wide performance across used oil analysis results, the key focus should be on understanding and identifying any repeat offenders which are present. This highlights examples where the root cause is not rectified and ongoing lubricant refreshment will only temporarily bring parameters back into compliance, which will then be quickly challenged operationally.

Assessing circulating systems, such as four-stroke engines, or circulating system oil within two-stroke slow-speed engines, operators should look to optimise the majority of any caution or alert results which are failures relating to Viscosity or Base Number. 

This will highlight when the lifespan of the lubricant has been maximised based upon key base oil and additive properties within the lubricant.

Viscosity (mm²/s), is largely derived from the base oil within the lubricating oil and can be influenced by additive packages.

Operationally, Viscosity is one of the first parameters that provides an indication there are issues with lubrication within the system. These are either through increases due to oxidation, combustion and soot formation; or decreases via distillate fuel dilution or water ingress. Both detrimentally impact the lifespan of the lubricant and potential reliability of the asset, with longer term water ingress accelerating additive depletion. This can lead to the formation of emulsion within the lubricant, counter-intuitively increasing the viscosity over time.

As the lubricant is in use, its viscosity value will change over time and the property of the base oil within the lubricant remains; unless severe oxidation is identified. Lubricant viscosity and performance can be impacted by contamination. Yet appropriate dilution or removal of these contaminants can prolong the lifespan of the lubricant and this is where onboard lube oil purifiers assist. The value of ensuring the maximum value is attained from any onboard lubricant is only increased when the product in use is deemed as a “synthetic” product, due to the increased unit cost of the lubricants in question, and the extended drain intervals these products can achieve, provided the oil is maintained, tested and kept within degradation limits.

VPS’ database shows only 46% of caution or failure rates were due to Viscosity. Highlighting that over 50% of the samples which required action were subject to external contamination, such as Water or Iron (Fe).

Lubricant purification

Onboard lubricant purification and filtration are critical tools in maximising the lifespan of lubricant onboard, as highlighted in the below graphical representation.

image 28

As is the case with centrifugal fuel purifiers and systems, removing critical contaminants such as, water and insoluble oxidised molecules, is the key and core objective of lubricant oil purification systems.

The majority of onboard lubricant oil purification systems operate via a centrifugal separator with a continuous water outlet, controlled by a gravity disc, in addition to a filtration system. The gravity disc of choice should be setup to match the oil density, viscosity grade, separation temperature and flow rate through the purifier. More recent separator models can adjust the interface without the need of specific gravity disc selection.

Operationally, the temperature of the lubricant oil that is passed through the purifier is the key variable that should be controlled, matching the relevant equipment manufacturer guidelines. The higher the temperature, the better the separation efficiency of the system, resulting in more effective removal of large particles (> 6 µm), and water from the lubrication system.

In typical systems, an increase in separation temperature from 90˚C to 95˚Cresults in a 22% separator efficiency gain. The impact of this can be identified through pre and post lubricant purifier analysis, notably through Water Content (H2O (%m/m)), PQ Index and ISO 4406 cleanliness code.

image 37

Reviewing VPS’ extensive database of lubricant testing data, the reported status of lubricant oil after purifier systems shows that over 2/3rds of all lubricant oils are at a caution or Alert/Fail status after purification.

The most common reasons for Caution or Alert results are due to:

  •   Elevated Water content
  •   PQ Index
  •   Elevated Viscosity

This data shows that whilst vessels have purification systems onboard, steps and actions based upon oil analysis results are required to ensure effective purification is undertaken, resulting in the prolonged lifespan of the lubricant. Notably, for lubricating oil where the pre-purifier water content is analysed at levels above 0.20 %m/m, a measurable decrease should be observed.

Note: The full article by VPS titled ‘Maximising Lubricant Value’ can be found here

 

Photo credit: VPS
Published: 20 February, 2026

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