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Argus Media viewpoint: US biofuels bunker demand seen muted

Demand from larger, ocean-going vessels will likely remain muted from a lack of US biofuel bunkering subsidies and strong international competition, says Stefka Wechsler.

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Biofuels used for bunkering could see an uptick in use in New York and California in 2023, driven by smaller, harbor vessel demand, but demand from larger, ocean-going vessels will likely remain muted from a lack of US biofuel bunkering subsidies and strong international competition.

23 December 2022

Harbor supply vessels — including ferries, tug boats, bunker barges and dredgers, among others — ply US territorial waters burning ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD). They are also allowed to burn B30 biodiesel made from blending 70pc ULSD and 30pc US-price subsidized biodiesel.

Rising ULSD prices in New York could drive up interest in B30 blends this winter. A B30-ULSD blend was pegged at $8.80/t discount to outright ULSD in New York in November, Argus data showed.

In October and early November, US Atlantic coast distillate inventories dropped to their lowest levels since May and April this year and approached their prior multi-decade lows of April 1996, amid steep backwardation that discouraged storage. Global diesel supplies have been tight because of Russia’s ongoing conflict with Ukraine. The EU ban on Russian petroleum products imports set to take effect on 5 February should tighten US Atlantic and Gulf coasts distillate inventories in the first half of next year.

Separately, California will require commercial harbor craft vessels in the state to burn renewable diesel (R99) instead of ULSD starting on 1 January. The state’s environmental agency California Air Resource Board (CARB) forecasts harbor craft vessel demand for R99 in California at 3,562 b/d in 2023. In November, Argus assessed R99 at a $213.60/t premium to ULSD in Los Angeles.

Little to no large ship demand

Despite the expected uptick in New York and California demand, demand for US biofuel for bunkering by ocean-going vessels is expected to remain muted next year.

Globally, interest in biofuels as low-carbon bunker fuels alternatives has grown, because unlike methanol, ammonia and LNG, biofuels are plug-and-play fuels that do not require vessel retrofitting. But ocean-going vessels such as container ships, dry bulk carriers and oil tankers are currently not allowed to purchase US-tax payer subsidized biodiesel. This is because ocean-going vessels would burn the bulk of the fuel in international waters, instead of in US territorial waters.

In November, B30, a blend of 30pc un-subsidized biodiesel and 70pc VLSFO was pegged at $1,133/t in the US Gulf coast, compared to $762/t in Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp. If ocean-going vessels were allowed to buy US-subsidized biodiesel, B30 in the US Gulf coast would have cost them $785/t in November, Argus data showed. Rotterdam sold 522,167t of biodiesel blends in the first nine months of 2021 compared with the US, where ship owners have been only occasionally trialing burning biodiesel. The lack of biodiesel bunker demand in the US is expected to remain in 2023.

Another low-carbon marine fuel option deemed feasible by the marine shipping industry is green methanol, which includes bio-methanol and e-methanol. Bio-methanol is made from sustainable biomass feedstocks and e-methanol is derived from renewable electricity and CO2.

Currently, green methanol prices are not competitive with conventional marine fuel prices. But grey methanol — produced using natural gas and coal — has been cheaper than marine gasoil (MGO). Grey methanol was assessed 26pc cheaper than MGO, or $264/t below MGO in November in the US Gulf, Argus assessments showed. Burning grey methanol does not significantly reduce CO2 emissions compared with MGO, but grey methanol does not contain sulphur and can substitute MGO, which has 0.1pc sulphur maximum limit in US territorial waters.

Ship owners looking to commission new vessels can invest in dual-fuel methanol burning vessels, substitute their MGO burn with grey methanol to reduce their bunker costs, while waiting to see if green methanol prices ease. Demand for grey methanol for bunkering could see an uptick in the US Gulf.

By Stefka Wechsler

 

Photo credit and source: Argus Media
Published: 27 December, 2022

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Alternative Fuels

Yang Ming orders six LNG dual-fuel, ammonia-ready containerships from Hanwha Ocean

Each of the six new vessels will have a capacity of up to 13,650 TEU and feature LNG dual-fuel propulsion and Ammonia Fuel Ready specifications.

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Yang Ming orders six LNG dual-fuel, ammonia-ready containerships from Hanwha Ocean

Taiwanese shipping firm Yang Ming Marine Transport Corporation (Yang Ming) and South Korean shipbuilder Hanwha Ocean on Wednesday (2 September) signed a shipbuilding contract for six 13,000 TEU class LNG dual-fuel container vessels. 

The contract was signed by Dr. Chuck Tsai, Chairman of Yang Ming, and Mr. Charles Kim, CEO of Hanwha Ocean. The vessels are scheduled for delivery between 2028 and 2029. 

They will complement Yang Ming’s existing fleet of 10,000+ TEU vessels and serve as key vessels on East-West services, with deployment flexibility across trade lanes connecting Asia with the East and West Coasts of North America, South America, and the Mediterranean. 

Each of the six new vessels will have a capacity of up to 13,650 TEU and feature LNG dual-fuel propulsion and Ammonia Fuel Ready specifications.

“As Yang Ming transitions toward net-zero emissions, LNG provides a relatively mature and economically viable alternative fuel solution, capable of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 20%,” the company said. 

“At the same time, ammonia can serve as a carbon-free fuel by utilising converted LNG storage facilities, while offering relatively lower conversion costs and comparatively well-developed supply chains and infrastructure. The Ammonia Fuel Ready design will therefore provide Yang Ming with greater flexibility in responding to increasingly stringent international regulations on greenhouse gas emissions.”

In addition, the vessels will be equipped with Type B LNG fuel tanks with a design pressure of 1.0 bar to enhance the safety and efficiency of LNG operations, together with a range of energy-saving technologies, including Wind Shields, Rudder Bulbs, Pre-Swirl Stators, and Shore Power Systems. Smart ship technologies and cybersecurity protection features will also be incorporated to enhance operational efficiency, safety, and reliability while effectively reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

Deliveries under Yang Ming’s next-generation fleet optimization plan commenced earlier this year. By 2030, a total of 24 new vessels are expected to enter service. 

This includes 18 LNG dual-fuel vessels—comprising five 15,500 TEU, seven 16,000 TEU, and the six 13,000 TEU vessels under this contract—alongside six 8,000 TEU methanol dual-fuel-ready ships. 

 

Photo credit: Yang Ming Marine Transport
Published: 4 September, 2026

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Alternative Fuels

LR, China’s MARIC unveil tanker concept ready for three future bunker fuels

Both secured AiP for a new 114,000 DWT product and crude oil tanker designed to accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia.

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LR, China’s MARIC unveil tanker concept ready for three future bunker fuels

Lloyd’s Register (LR) and the Marine Design and Research Institute of China (MARIC) on Thursday (3 September) have secured Approval in Principle (AiP) for a new 114,000 DWT product and crude oil tanker designed to accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia.

Announced at SMM 2026, the concept addresses one of the biggest investment challenges facing shipping today: the need to develop vessels and capabilities that can support a range of alternative fuel options and pathways as technologies, infrastructure and regulations evolve.

While LNG is already a mature fuel pathway, methanol and ammonia remain at an earlier stage of development, with questions around global fuel availability, infrastructure development, economics and long-term adoption.

The 114,000 DWT tanker concept has been designed as a product and crude oil carrier that can accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia as technologies, regulations and fuel supply chains mature. By incorporating conversion readiness at the design stage, the concept aims to reduce future retrofit complexity and provide owners with greater confidence when planning long-term fleet investments.

The design concept was reviewed against LR’s July 2026 class rules and regulations, including requirements relating to ships using gases and other low-flashpoint fuels, alongside relevant IACS Common Structural Rules for oil tankers. Final classification and statutory approval remain subject to full compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

Theo Kourmpelis, Global Business Director for Tankers, Lloyd’s Register, said: “Shipowners are being asked to make major investment decisions today despite continued uncertainty around which fuels will dominate in the decades ahead. Alternative fuel solutions each offer potential pathways to compliance, but fuel infrastructure, regulation and economics continue to evolve at different speeds around the world.

“Designs that preserve flexibility will be critical in helping owners manage risk while preparing for multiple future scenarios.”

Si Nan, Marine & Offshore Marketing Department Vice Director, MARIC, said: “As the industry explores different decarbonisation pathways, shipowners need vessel designs that can adapt alongside technological and regulatory developments. This concept was developed specifically to provide greater fuel flexibility and long-term resilience, allowing owners to respond to changing market requirements without being locked into a single fuel strategy.

“Receiving Approval in Principle from Lloyd’s Register is an important milestone that validates the design concept and supports its future development.”

 

Photo credit: Lloyd’s Register
Published: 4 September, 2026

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Alternative Fuels

DNV: Alternative-fuelled vessel orders hit highest monthly level since October 2024

LNG-fuelled vessels accounted for the vast majority of August activity while the strong summer performance marked a significant acceleration in ordering activity after a relatively slow start to the year.

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DNV: Alternative-fuelled vessel orders hit highest monthly level since October 2024

Latest data from classification society DNV’s Alternative Fuels Insight (AFI) platform alternative-fuelled vessel ordering was strong in August, with 52 new vessels added to the platform.

This is the highest monthly total since October 2024 and follows another active month in July, when 47 vessels were added to the database.

LNG-fuelled vessels accounted for the vast majority of August activity, with 46 orders recorded. The container segment led the way with 30 orders, while the car carrier segment contributed a further 12 LNG-fuelled vessels. In addition, four ethanol-fuelled bulk carriers and two hydrogen-powered bulk carriers were added during the month, as well as one LNG bunker vessel.

The strong summer performance marked a significant acceleration in ordering activity after a relatively slow start to the year. In total, 242 alternative-fuelled vessel orders have been placed in the first eight months of 2026, representing a 27% increase compared with the same period in 2025.

LNG remains the dominant fuel choice, accounting for 63% of all alternative-fuelled vessel orders registered so far this year. Container vessels represent the largest share of these LNG orders (59%), followed by car carriers (30%).

Jason Stefanatos, Global Decarbonization Director at DNV Maritime, said: “The past two months have been particularly strong for alternative-fuelled vessel ordering, with August recording the highest monthly total we’ve seen since October 2024. This has helped lift year-to-date orders to a level well above the same period last year.

“LNG remains the leading fuel choice, driven largely by activity in the container and car carrier segments. These sectors have been among the earliest adopters of alternative fuels, supported by predictable liner operations and increasing demand from cargo owners to reduce emissions across supply chains. 

“For many owners, LNG offers a combination of emissions reductions, fuel availability and future flexibility while the longer-term fuel landscape continues to evolve. 

“At the same time, the latest figures include orders for ethanol- and hydrogen-fuelled vessels, highlighting that owners continue to explore a range of decarbonization pathways. Different segments are making different fuel choices, but the overall level of activity demonstrates continued investment in lower-emission shipping.”

Screenshot 2026 09 04 at 12.29.26 PM Screenshot 2026 09 04 at 12.29.36 PM

 

Photo credit: DNV
Published: 4 September, 2026

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