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Lloyd’s Register introduces lube oil analysis and FOBAS Engine Assessment Programme

The use of a condition monitoring tool could further reduce risk of breakdown scenarios through the diagnostic capability of picking up any incipient failure.

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UK-based classification society Lloyd’s Register (LR) on Thursday (15 October) published an outlook on why engine monitoring and assessment tools are important to reduce economic loss despite the current industry focus on fuel testing; it was written by Usman Muhammad, Product Manager – Fuel Advisory at LR.

As technology continues to evolve, a less prescriptive future for shipping maintenance is coming into view.

Marine diesel engines have been the prime movers for merchant ships for more than a century. They are robust, reliable and have proven their worth across hundreds of thousands of nautical miles. But with more attention now focused on fuel oils and engines as the world fleet transitions from HSFO (high sulphur fuel oil) to VLSFO (very low sulphur fuel oil), a lack of effective monitoring may be storing up problems for the future. Usman Muhammad, Product Manager – Fuel Advisory at LR, looks at the issues and explores what action owners can take to avoid costly failures.

Around 84% of the world fleet, ships >10,000 gross tonnage, uses the crosshead type low speed, two-stroke engines for main propulsion. The main advantages of these engines include being reversible, uniflow-scavenged, turbocharged and able to provide thermal efficiency and reliability through having fewer moving parts. Moreover, the robustness of these large, low speed engines has always enabled them to burn cheap heavy fuel oils of varying quality.

Despite the successful operation of these engines over the past few decades, there have inevitably been incidents of loss of propulsion due to main engine failures. These incidents, although few and far between, represent a significant economic loss for ship operators – not only from direct maintenance costs, but also from indirect costs such as off hire and port fees that can run into millions of dollars. In its 2018 annual report, the Swedish Club reported that the cost of machinery claims for the period 2015-2017 was around USD 384 million. Main engine damage was the most expensive category, accounting for 34% of total machinery claims.

Although there have been continuous efforts to improve the diagnostic capability to detect incipient failures before they occur, more awareness is needed as to the importance and benefits in utilising available machinery condition monitoring tools. Research indicates that only 5% of the shipping industry uses some form of condition monitoring for maintenance management. When compared to other industries, this figure is quite low.

Determining and optimising the combustion performance within large two-stroke engines holds the key to improving overall engine efficiency. Fuel combustion is a complex chemical/physical reaction and has been an area of intense research over the years. However, inconsistency in the composition of residual marine fuels makes it very difficult to predict engine component wear rates and failure mode.

Since the implementation of MARPOL Annex VI regulation 14.1.3 from 1st January 2020, Lloyd’s Register FOBAS have seen an upsurge in combustion-related incidents resulting in cylinder liner and piston ring damages of large two-stroke engines during the period that the world fleet started transitioning from high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO – max 3.5%) to very low sulphur fuels (VLSFO – max 0.50%).

There are several factors which can influence the combustion in an engine, and a holistic approach is needed to evaluate all the operational information to connect the dots. For example, in the recent spate of cylinder component damage incidents reported by ships since the beginning of this year, a clear contributing factor was the change of fuel oil from HSFO to VLSFO. However, our investigations revealed that poor fuel ignition and combustion characteristics were unlikely to have been the main reason for these incidents. In fact, most VLSFO showed better ignition quality compared to HSFO during lab testing.

Further analysis identified that damage was caused by a number of influencing factors which include any combination of the following: the applied cylinder oil quality; poor maintenance; lack of operational adjustments; excessive or insufficient cylinder oil feed rate; not following OEM guidance on ring selection.

 This combination of influencing factors highlights the critical importance of utilising a multifaceted approach in which ship operators consult engine manufacturers and fuel testing and advisory services, and ensure best practice approaches are followed on-board.

In light of the diversity of composition and varying fuel quality of these VLSFOs, the use of an appropriate condition monitoring tool could further reduce the risk of breakdown scenarios through the diagnostic capability of picking up any incipient failure. 

Here at LR, FOBAS provides lube oil analysis and, for more comprehensive engine condition monitoring, our FOBAS Engine Assessment Programme (FEAP) can be used to monitor two-stroke engine performance. Through regular sampling and data collection, the FEAP service is specifically designed to highlight and alert the ship to the health of components within the combustion chamber in order for the on-board staff to take appropriate mitigating action – to avoid the potential operational and commercial issues.

Please contact us for further information. One of our experts will be pleased to discuss the process and further explain the FEAP service.

Supporting sources:

  1. https://maritime.ihs.com
  2. https://www.swedishclub.com/media_upload/files/Loss%20Prevention/Main%20Engine%20Damage/TSC-main-engine-WEB2020.pdf
  3. IMarEST conference (2015) London. https://www.imarest.org/conference-proceedings


Photo credit: Drone photo (professional)
Published: 23 October, 2020

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Alternative Fuels

Yang Ming orders six LNG dual-fuel, ammonia-ready containerships from Hanwha Ocean

Each of the six new vessels will have a capacity of up to 13,650 TEU and feature LNG dual-fuel propulsion and Ammonia Fuel Ready specifications.

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Yang Ming orders six LNG dual-fuel, ammonia-ready containerships from Hanwha Ocean

Taiwanese shipping firm Yang Ming Marine Transport Corporation (Yang Ming) and South Korean shipbuilder Hanwha Ocean on Wednesday (2 September) signed a shipbuilding contract for six 13,000 TEU class LNG dual-fuel container vessels. 

The contract was signed by Dr. Chuck Tsai, Chairman of Yang Ming, and Mr. Charles Kim, CEO of Hanwha Ocean. The vessels are scheduled for delivery between 2028 and 2029. 

They will complement Yang Ming’s existing fleet of 10,000+ TEU vessels and serve as key vessels on East-West services, with deployment flexibility across trade lanes connecting Asia with the East and West Coasts of North America, South America, and the Mediterranean. 

Each of the six new vessels will have a capacity of up to 13,650 TEU and feature LNG dual-fuel propulsion and Ammonia Fuel Ready specifications.

“As Yang Ming transitions toward net-zero emissions, LNG provides a relatively mature and economically viable alternative fuel solution, capable of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 20%,” the company said. 

“At the same time, ammonia can serve as a carbon-free fuel by utilising converted LNG storage facilities, while offering relatively lower conversion costs and comparatively well-developed supply chains and infrastructure. The Ammonia Fuel Ready design will therefore provide Yang Ming with greater flexibility in responding to increasingly stringent international regulations on greenhouse gas emissions.”

In addition, the vessels will be equipped with Type B LNG fuel tanks with a design pressure of 1.0 bar to enhance the safety and efficiency of LNG operations, together with a range of energy-saving technologies, including Wind Shields, Rudder Bulbs, Pre-Swirl Stators, and Shore Power Systems. Smart ship technologies and cybersecurity protection features will also be incorporated to enhance operational efficiency, safety, and reliability while effectively reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

Deliveries under Yang Ming’s next-generation fleet optimization plan commenced earlier this year. By 2030, a total of 24 new vessels are expected to enter service. 

This includes 18 LNG dual-fuel vessels—comprising five 15,500 TEU, seven 16,000 TEU, and the six 13,000 TEU vessels under this contract—alongside six 8,000 TEU methanol dual-fuel-ready ships. 

 

Photo credit: Yang Ming Marine Transport
Published: 4 September, 2026

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Alternative Fuels

LR, China’s MARIC unveil tanker concept ready for three future bunker fuels

Both secured AiP for a new 114,000 DWT product and crude oil tanker designed to accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia.

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LR, China’s MARIC unveil tanker concept ready for three future bunker fuels

Lloyd’s Register (LR) and the Marine Design and Research Institute of China (MARIC) on Thursday (3 September) have secured Approval in Principle (AiP) for a new 114,000 DWT product and crude oil tanker designed to accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia.

Announced at SMM 2026, the concept addresses one of the biggest investment challenges facing shipping today: the need to develop vessels and capabilities that can support a range of alternative fuel options and pathways as technologies, infrastructure and regulations evolve.

While LNG is already a mature fuel pathway, methanol and ammonia remain at an earlier stage of development, with questions around global fuel availability, infrastructure development, economics and long-term adoption.

The 114,000 DWT tanker concept has been designed as a product and crude oil carrier that can accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia as technologies, regulations and fuel supply chains mature. By incorporating conversion readiness at the design stage, the concept aims to reduce future retrofit complexity and provide owners with greater confidence when planning long-term fleet investments.

The design concept was reviewed against LR’s July 2026 class rules and regulations, including requirements relating to ships using gases and other low-flashpoint fuels, alongside relevant IACS Common Structural Rules for oil tankers. Final classification and statutory approval remain subject to full compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

Theo Kourmpelis, Global Business Director for Tankers, Lloyd’s Register, said: “Shipowners are being asked to make major investment decisions today despite continued uncertainty around which fuels will dominate in the decades ahead. Alternative fuel solutions each offer potential pathways to compliance, but fuel infrastructure, regulation and economics continue to evolve at different speeds around the world.

“Designs that preserve flexibility will be critical in helping owners manage risk while preparing for multiple future scenarios.”

Si Nan, Marine & Offshore Marketing Department Vice Director, MARIC, said: “As the industry explores different decarbonisation pathways, shipowners need vessel designs that can adapt alongside technological and regulatory developments. This concept was developed specifically to provide greater fuel flexibility and long-term resilience, allowing owners to respond to changing market requirements without being locked into a single fuel strategy.

“Receiving Approval in Principle from Lloyd’s Register is an important milestone that validates the design concept and supports its future development.”

 

Photo credit: Lloyd’s Register
Published: 4 September, 2026

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Alternative Fuels

DNV: Alternative-fuelled vessel orders hit highest monthly level since October 2024

LNG-fuelled vessels accounted for the vast majority of August activity while the strong summer performance marked a significant acceleration in ordering activity after a relatively slow start to the year.

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DNV: Alternative-fuelled vessel orders hit highest monthly level since October 2024

Latest data from classification society DNV’s Alternative Fuels Insight (AFI) platform alternative-fuelled vessel ordering was strong in August, with 52 new vessels added to the platform.

This is the highest monthly total since October 2024 and follows another active month in July, when 47 vessels were added to the database.

LNG-fuelled vessels accounted for the vast majority of August activity, with 46 orders recorded. The container segment led the way with 30 orders, while the car carrier segment contributed a further 12 LNG-fuelled vessels. In addition, four ethanol-fuelled bulk carriers and two hydrogen-powered bulk carriers were added during the month, as well as one LNG bunker vessel.

The strong summer performance marked a significant acceleration in ordering activity after a relatively slow start to the year. In total, 242 alternative-fuelled vessel orders have been placed in the first eight months of 2026, representing a 27% increase compared with the same period in 2025.

LNG remains the dominant fuel choice, accounting for 63% of all alternative-fuelled vessel orders registered so far this year. Container vessels represent the largest share of these LNG orders (59%), followed by car carriers (30%).

Jason Stefanatos, Global Decarbonization Director at DNV Maritime, said: “The past two months have been particularly strong for alternative-fuelled vessel ordering, with August recording the highest monthly total we’ve seen since October 2024. This has helped lift year-to-date orders to a level well above the same period last year.

“LNG remains the leading fuel choice, driven largely by activity in the container and car carrier segments. These sectors have been among the earliest adopters of alternative fuels, supported by predictable liner operations and increasing demand from cargo owners to reduce emissions across supply chains. 

“For many owners, LNG offers a combination of emissions reductions, fuel availability and future flexibility while the longer-term fuel landscape continues to evolve. 

“At the same time, the latest figures include orders for ethanol- and hydrogen-fuelled vessels, highlighting that owners continue to explore a range of decarbonization pathways. Different segments are making different fuel choices, but the overall level of activity demonstrates continued investment in lower-emission shipping.”

Screenshot 2026 09 04 at 12.29.26 PM Screenshot 2026 09 04 at 12.29.36 PM

 

Photo credit: DNV
Published: 4 September, 2026

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