Connect with us

Business

Chloride contamination cases in Singapore: IBIA proposes steps to mitigation

IBIA advises bunker buyers to pay close attention to the collection, witnessing and documentation of bunker fuel samples; also seek assurance from suppliers.

Admin

Published

on

IBIA

The International Bunker Industry Association (IBIA) on Tuesday (19 April) published an article to proposing mitigation steps following Chloride contamination cases in Singapore:

IBIA notes that the widely reported cases of problem bunker fuels supplied in Singapore during February and March have raised fears that the industry could be facing something similar to the 2018 episode of problem bunker fuel cases originating in Houston, and later spreading to other areas.

These fears are understandable, but there are some key differences. Moreover, the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) has taken steps to bring the situation under control to prevent further supply of the affected fuels in Singapore. IBIA would like to offer a practical and targeted approach to ensure the problem doesn’t spread this time; but we need help and cooperation from stakeholders. Read on for IBIA’s suggestion.

Background

Fuel testing agencies have reported finding high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) contaminated with chlorinated compounds supplied to ships in Singapore during February and March 2022. Reports indicated that two suppliers and at least 10 barges were involved. MPA confirmed on April 13 that, to date, Glencore and PetroChina had supplied the affected fuel to about 200 ships in the port of Singapore, and that about 80 of these ships have reported various issues with their fuel pumps and engines.

The regular suite of tests to confirm that a fuel meets the ISO 8217 quality standard do not cover chlorides, hence routine testing will not pick up their presence. The Singapore cases have so far been confirmed using investigative gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) testing.

Chlorides are not commonly found in crude oil or marine fuels beyond trace amounts. Significant concentrations of organic chlorides in bunker fuels, like those reported in the Singapore cases, are highly unusual. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are widely used as solvents and raw materials for various products. They do not belong in bunker fuels.

Testing for chlorides

There appears to be universal agreement between fuel testing agencies that have reported on the cases from Singapore that they involved high concentrations, often in excess of 2,000 parts per million (ppm) of chlorinated compounds, or chlorinated hydrocarbons. Many mention dichloroethane, which is an organic solvent.

So far, the fuel testing agencies have reported using investigative GS-MS testing to identify the chlorides.

One such method, ASTM D7845 provides a standardised test method for GC-MS to provide quantitative determination of 29 aromatic and oxygenated compounds in marine fuel oil, mainly phenols and styrenes. Chlorines do not feature on the list of chemical compounds ASTM D7845 test method provides precision statements and limits of detection for, so the Singapore cases will not have been found by using this standard (which is not part of ISO 8217) as a default either.

The ASTM D7845 test method may be used to detect other compounds than the ones specified based on in-house development, such as chlorides, but strictly speaking it is outside its scope.

It is for these limiting reasons that testing agencies may use, for example, GCMS Head Space screening, as well as GCMS Vacuum Distillation & Acid Extraction techniques. 

IBIA has learned that other test methods may be applied to identify the presence of chlorides in petroleum products, namely UOP 779 Chloride in Petroleum Distillates by Microcoulometry (organic and inorganic chlorides) and EN 14077 Petroleum products – Determination of organic halogen content – Oxidative microcoulometric method (organic chlorides). Neither of these are part of regular tests done on marine fuels (as chlorides are so rare), but they may be of use at a time when there is more testing than usual to eliminate the risk of fuels containing chlorides continuing to be supplied.

When should we test for chlorides?

Exactly how to test for chlorides will vary between fuel testing for agencies, depending on how laboratories are set up and equipped.

The big question now is: when should we be testing fuels for chlorides?

Of course, there is huge concern in the market that fuels containing chlorides continue to be supplied and as such those who are worried will ask for extra testing.

However, it may be more efficient to target areas and circumstances when there is reason to suspect that there is a risk of chloride contamination.

At present, that could be HSFO bunkered in Singapore during February and March from the suppliers/barges affected. As MPA says it has informed all the ships that received these fuels, those should be known.

Some ships may choose to use the affected fuels, depending on concentration level and dilution, in which case they should closely monitor operations for potential adverse effects, and stop using them if they observe problems that may relate to these fuels. This will be the nature of advice from some fuel testing agencies and classification societies

Others that received affected fuel may choose to debunker, in particular if they have used some of it and experienced operational issues, or they have test results indicating a very high concentration of chlorides.

There are fears that these chlorinated hydrocarbons could find their way into the supply chain either from the contaminated cargo being shipped out of Singapore, or these fuels being debunkered and subsequently blended into the supply chain in other ports.

One general piece of advice to bunker buyers who are afraid of this happening is to seek assurance from your supplier that the fuel is fit for purpose. Also, to pay close attention to the collection, witnessing and documentation of bunker samples.

Help IBIA help you

There are two main ways the chlorinated hydrocarbon problem could spread in the bunker market; either from the cargo containing the contaminated HSFO being shipped somewhere else and blended in a bid to dilute the chloride concentration, or attempts to do the same with contaminated fuel that has been debunkered.

IBIA therefore calls for relevant stakeholders to:

  1. Report to us which ports where ships have, or will, debunker HSFO contaminated with chlorides, and
  2. Report to us if you have reason to believe cargoes containing chloride contaminated HSFO is headed for specific ports.

 

Photo credit and source: IBIA
Published: 21 April, 2021

Continue Reading

Alternative Fuels

Yang Ming orders six LNG dual-fuel, ammonia-ready containerships from Hanwha Ocean

Each of the six new vessels will have a capacity of up to 13,650 TEU and feature LNG dual-fuel propulsion and Ammonia Fuel Ready specifications.

Admin

Published

on

By

Yang Ming orders six LNG dual-fuel, ammonia-ready containerships from Hanwha Ocean

Taiwanese shipping firm Yang Ming Marine Transport Corporation (Yang Ming) and South Korean shipbuilder Hanwha Ocean on Wednesday (2 September) signed a shipbuilding contract for six 13,000 TEU class LNG dual-fuel container vessels. 

The contract was signed by Dr. Chuck Tsai, Chairman of Yang Ming, and Mr. Charles Kim, CEO of Hanwha Ocean. The vessels are scheduled for delivery between 2028 and 2029. 

They will complement Yang Ming’s existing fleet of 10,000+ TEU vessels and serve as key vessels on East-West services, with deployment flexibility across trade lanes connecting Asia with the East and West Coasts of North America, South America, and the Mediterranean. 

Each of the six new vessels will have a capacity of up to 13,650 TEU and feature LNG dual-fuel propulsion and Ammonia Fuel Ready specifications.

“As Yang Ming transitions toward net-zero emissions, LNG provides a relatively mature and economically viable alternative fuel solution, capable of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 20%,” the company said. 

“At the same time, ammonia can serve as a carbon-free fuel by utilising converted LNG storage facilities, while offering relatively lower conversion costs and comparatively well-developed supply chains and infrastructure. The Ammonia Fuel Ready design will therefore provide Yang Ming with greater flexibility in responding to increasingly stringent international regulations on greenhouse gas emissions.”

In addition, the vessels will be equipped with Type B LNG fuel tanks with a design pressure of 1.0 bar to enhance the safety and efficiency of LNG operations, together with a range of energy-saving technologies, including Wind Shields, Rudder Bulbs, Pre-Swirl Stators, and Shore Power Systems. Smart ship technologies and cybersecurity protection features will also be incorporated to enhance operational efficiency, safety, and reliability while effectively reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

Deliveries under Yang Ming’s next-generation fleet optimization plan commenced earlier this year. By 2030, a total of 24 new vessels are expected to enter service. 

This includes 18 LNG dual-fuel vessels—comprising five 15,500 TEU, seven 16,000 TEU, and the six 13,000 TEU vessels under this contract—alongside six 8,000 TEU methanol dual-fuel-ready ships. 

 

Photo credit: Yang Ming Marine Transport
Published: 4 September, 2026

Continue Reading

Alternative Fuels

LR, China’s MARIC unveil tanker concept ready for three future bunker fuels

Both secured AiP for a new 114,000 DWT product and crude oil tanker designed to accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia.

Admin

Published

on

By

LR, China’s MARIC unveil tanker concept ready for three future bunker fuels

Lloyd’s Register (LR) and the Marine Design and Research Institute of China (MARIC) on Thursday (3 September) have secured Approval in Principle (AiP) for a new 114,000 DWT product and crude oil tanker designed to accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia.

Announced at SMM 2026, the concept addresses one of the biggest investment challenges facing shipping today: the need to develop vessels and capabilities that can support a range of alternative fuel options and pathways as technologies, infrastructure and regulations evolve.

While LNG is already a mature fuel pathway, methanol and ammonia remain at an earlier stage of development, with questions around global fuel availability, infrastructure development, economics and long-term adoption.

The 114,000 DWT tanker concept has been designed as a product and crude oil carrier that can accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia as technologies, regulations and fuel supply chains mature. By incorporating conversion readiness at the design stage, the concept aims to reduce future retrofit complexity and provide owners with greater confidence when planning long-term fleet investments.

The design concept was reviewed against LR’s July 2026 class rules and regulations, including requirements relating to ships using gases and other low-flashpoint fuels, alongside relevant IACS Common Structural Rules for oil tankers. Final classification and statutory approval remain subject to full compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

Theo Kourmpelis, Global Business Director for Tankers, Lloyd’s Register, said: “Shipowners are being asked to make major investment decisions today despite continued uncertainty around which fuels will dominate in the decades ahead. Alternative fuel solutions each offer potential pathways to compliance, but fuel infrastructure, regulation and economics continue to evolve at different speeds around the world.

“Designs that preserve flexibility will be critical in helping owners manage risk while preparing for multiple future scenarios.”

Si Nan, Marine & Offshore Marketing Department Vice Director, MARIC, said: “As the industry explores different decarbonisation pathways, shipowners need vessel designs that can adapt alongside technological and regulatory developments. This concept was developed specifically to provide greater fuel flexibility and long-term resilience, allowing owners to respond to changing market requirements without being locked into a single fuel strategy.

“Receiving Approval in Principle from Lloyd’s Register is an important milestone that validates the design concept and supports its future development.”

 

Photo credit: Lloyd’s Register
Published: 4 September, 2026

Continue Reading

Alternative Fuels

DNV: Alternative-fuelled vessel orders hit highest monthly level since October 2024

LNG-fuelled vessels accounted for the vast majority of August activity while the strong summer performance marked a significant acceleration in ordering activity after a relatively slow start to the year.

Admin

Published

on

By

DNV: Alternative-fuelled vessel orders hit highest monthly level since October 2024

Latest data from classification society DNV’s Alternative Fuels Insight (AFI) platform alternative-fuelled vessel ordering was strong in August, with 52 new vessels added to the platform.

This is the highest monthly total since October 2024 and follows another active month in July, when 47 vessels were added to the database.

LNG-fuelled vessels accounted for the vast majority of August activity, with 46 orders recorded. The container segment led the way with 30 orders, while the car carrier segment contributed a further 12 LNG-fuelled vessels. In addition, four ethanol-fuelled bulk carriers and two hydrogen-powered bulk carriers were added during the month, as well as one LNG bunker vessel.

The strong summer performance marked a significant acceleration in ordering activity after a relatively slow start to the year. In total, 242 alternative-fuelled vessel orders have been placed in the first eight months of 2026, representing a 27% increase compared with the same period in 2025.

LNG remains the dominant fuel choice, accounting for 63% of all alternative-fuelled vessel orders registered so far this year. Container vessels represent the largest share of these LNG orders (59%), followed by car carriers (30%).

Jason Stefanatos, Global Decarbonization Director at DNV Maritime, said: “The past two months have been particularly strong for alternative-fuelled vessel ordering, with August recording the highest monthly total we’ve seen since October 2024. This has helped lift year-to-date orders to a level well above the same period last year.

“LNG remains the leading fuel choice, driven largely by activity in the container and car carrier segments. These sectors have been among the earliest adopters of alternative fuels, supported by predictable liner operations and increasing demand from cargo owners to reduce emissions across supply chains. 

“For many owners, LNG offers a combination of emissions reductions, fuel availability and future flexibility while the longer-term fuel landscape continues to evolve. 

“At the same time, the latest figures include orders for ethanol- and hydrogen-fuelled vessels, highlighting that owners continue to explore a range of decarbonization pathways. Different segments are making different fuel choices, but the overall level of activity demonstrates continued investment in lower-emission shipping.”

Screenshot 2026 09 04 at 12.29.26 PM Screenshot 2026 09 04 at 12.29.36 PM

 

Photo credit: DNV
Published: 4 September, 2026

Continue Reading
Advertisement

OUR INDUSTRY PARTNERS



Trending