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VPS examines methanol as a marine fuel for decarbonisation

Steve Bee of VPS explores methanol’s potential as a bunker fuel, the challenges ahead, industry standards to support its usage and VPS’s role in supporting this transition.

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Steve Bee, Commercial Director of marine fuels testing company VPS, on Tuesday (3 December) explored methanol’s potential as a marine fuel, the challenges ahead, industry standards to support its usage and VPS’s role in supporting this transition: 

Introduction

It’s very apparent, global shipping’s drive to decarbonise is well underway. The ship-building profile is changing dramatically, highlighted by the 2023 order book showing 539 new builds capable of running on low-to-zero carbon fuels, being ordered. This equates to 45% of all orders in terms of gross tonnage. LNG dual-fuel vessels are currently the most popular vessels of choice, but Methanol-capable vessels have gained traction. Looking at Jan-Sept 2024, 49% of the gross tonnage on order was for vessels configured to be alternative fuels ready, with this specific order book growing by 24% year on year. It’s obvious that shipping is keeping its options very much open and looking for as much flexibility as possible, when it comes to the fuel choices for its ships.

The industry currently bunkers 230 Million mt of fuel per year. Burning this fuel equates to emissions of 716M mt of CO2-equivalent, as the majority of the fuel burnt continues to be traditional fossil fuels. However, the list of environmental legislation and directives to reduce emissions from shipping is ever-increasing in order to reduce SOx, NOx, Particulate Matter, CO2, Methane and other Green House Gases.  It is this regulatory demand which is driving the developments of numerous alternative low-to-zero carbon fuels for marine use.

VPS has been and continues to be, at the forefront of fuels research & development and continues to pioneer and develop test methods for such fuels.

Methanol bunkers and bunkering facilities are growing with 13 ports now offering methanol. But this methanol is predominantly grey, and Tank-to-Wake emissions from grey methanol are similar to conventional fossil fuels. The maritime sector must look to use the sustainable “green” methanol options of e-methanol, bio-methanol, or blue methanol:

VPS examines methanol as a marine fuel for decarbonisation

IRENA forecast e-methanol will reach a production level of 250M mt and bio-methanol will reach 135M mt by 2050. 

Currently we see 39 methanol-powered ships on our sees, but a further 262 are on order.

As with all fuels, there are numerous pro’s and con’s to using methanol as a marine fuel: 

Methanol fuel handling and management is certainly easier than that for LNG, with retrofit costs being less expensive and easier. Plus, green methanol sources offer almost near-zero GHG emissions.

In terms of ECA compliance Methanol conforms to SOx, NOx and PM content. It is biodegradable, miscible with water and a liquid at atmospheric pressure, all of which are positive factors in terms of fuel management and handling.

As demand grows, methanol should become more cost competitive, with increasing number of ports providing methanol.

However, methanol has half the energy of maritime’s current fossil fuels and a Flash Point of only 12ºC. Current availability of green methanol, is still an issue, yet this year industry news has highlighted that some green methanol projects have been cancelled, eg one in Antwerp (Orsted) and Flagship-One in Sweden.

Over the past 2 years, VPS have made significant investments in CAPEX for new laboratory equipment, plus the training of laboratory staff, technical advisors and bunker quantity surveyors, in order to survey, sample and test methanol bunkers.

The summer of 2023 saw VPS act the partner of choice to Maersk and undertook work during the maiden voyage of the Laura Maersk. We surveyed, sampled and tested, the methanol loadings in Singapore, Port Said and Rotterdam. As part of the requirements, changes to bunkering practices and procedures included heightened H&S processes, increased levels of tank cleaning, the use of closed-sampling devices and the use of biofuel as the pilot fuel, which also required testing. Testing was under the International Methanol Producers and Consumers Association (IMPCA) specification, with the results all on specification from all three loadings.

Since then, VPS has also worked with OCI covering similar work on the ECO Maestro.

In October 2024, it was announced at SIBCON-24, that Singapore will release a new technical reference standard for Methanol before year end, which covers fuel transfer, quality and quantity measurements as well operational and safety instructions as well as crew training. VPS has been closely involved in the development of this new Methanol Standard by being part of the Working Group.

This same group will also release a similar standard for Ammonia in 2025.

The announcement from Singapore was followed by a further notification from the International Standards Organisation (ISO) in November 2024. The ISO announcement highlighted the release of the publication of the first edition of their international standard for methanol as marine fuel, ISO 6583:2024.  This standard sets the requirements and limits for three methanol grades for marine: MMA, MMB and MMC. It uses the IMPCA specifications as a starting point, with some properties less critical for marine and other fuel related aspects not covered. Grade MMC allows for wider tolerances in certain characteristics compared to MMB, while MMA includes additional requirements for lubricity and cleanliness. The new Singapore Methanol Standard will make reference to the ISO 6583 for quality requirements under its custody transfer section.

Summary

As decarbonisation and legislation drives the development of low-to-zero carbon fuels, demand for methanol will grow as it provides an excellent way to achieve immediate reductions of emissions compared to fossil fuels.

VPS are experienced in providing methanol surveying, sampling and testing work and capable of offering key technical support to our customers.

All of this is evidence that the global shipping industry is well on its way and intent on delivering upon its decarbonisation goals, but with many challenges still to overcome.

Related: SIBCON 2024: Singapore launches two new bunkering standards, revises third benchmark
Related: ISO publishes international standard for methanol as a marine fuel

 

Photo credit: VPS
Published: 4 December, 2024

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Milestone

China: Chimbusco and BJEC enter green methanol cooperation agreement

Document was signed between Ding Lihai, deputy general manager of Chimbusco, and Li Jianjun, deputy general manager of BJEC.

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Chimbusco x BJEC MT

China Marine Bunker (PetroChina) Co.,Ltd. (Chimbusco) and POWERCHINA Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited (BJEC) on Thursday (3 July) formally entered into a green methanol strategic cooperation framework agreement.

The document was signed between Ding Lihai, deputy general manager of Chimbusco, and Li Jianjun, deputy general manager of BJEC.

BJEC, a subsidiary of China Power Engineering Group, is experienced in the survey, design, construction and technology research and development of large-scale renewable energy projects.

Moving forward, the two parties said they will respectively focus on their core advantages and work together to promote the production, supply, storage and refuelling of green methanol as an energy source to help support the low-carbon transformation of the shipping industry.

Ding Lihai said: “The shipping industry is one of the important sources of global carbon emissions. Promoting low-carbon fuel is the key to the transformation of the industry. As the main force in the supply of bunker fuel, Chimbusco has been committed to expanding its clean fuel supply capacity. The cooperation with BJEC will integrate the advantages of green energy development and fuel supply, accelerate the large-scale application of green methanol, and meet the needs of shipping companies for clean fuel. We look forward to providing effective solutions for the green transformation of the shipping industry through the joint efforts of both parties.”

Li Jianjun said: “Implementing the ‘dual carbon’ goal is an important responsibility of enterprises. BJEC has accumulated strong technical strength in the field of green energy. This cooperation with Chimbusco will focus on the entire industrial chain of green methanol, from raw materials, production to supply, to provide clean and sustainable fuel solutions for the shipping industry. The complementary advantages of both parties will promote the rapid development of the green methanol industry and inject strong impetus into the low-carbon transformation of the shipping industry.”

 

Photo credit: China Marine Bunker (PetroChina) Co.,Ltd.
Published: 8 July 2025

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Milestone

Towngas and Royal Vopak collaborate to expand green methanol supply chain network

‘Towngas has recently completed a 6,000-tonne green methanol bunkering project, the largest in Asia,” said its Chief Operating Officer – Green Fuel and Chemicals.

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Towngas x Royal Vopak MT

Hong Kong and China Gas Company Limited (Towngas) and Vopak China Management Co., Ltd. (Royal Vopak) on Tuesday (8 July) said both recently signed a strategic framework cooperation agreement to collaborate in areas such as green methanol production, storage, bunkering, and trading etc.

Focusing on the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, and Asia-Pacific markets, both parties are joining forces to expand an efficient green methanol supply chain network and support the shipping industry’s low-carbon transition.

The two parties will capitalise on their respective strengths to expand the supply network of green methanol.

Towngas employs proprietary technology to convert agricultural and forestry waste as well as scrap tyres into green methanol, and has obtained multiple international certifications and provides a sufficient supply of green methanol for maritime fuel bunkering.

Royal Vopak provides green methanol storage and terminal services with its comprehensive storage and terminal infrastructure and coastal port network advantages.

Together, the two parties will achieve efficient resource allocation and ship green methanol to the Greater Bay Area, East China, South China, and the broader Asia-Pacific markets, further expanding the green methanol supply chain network.

Towngas and Royal Vopak will further develop multiple areas of regional cooperation, including in the Greater Bay Area. By leveraging the strengths of the ports in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, the partnership will focus on “production and storage synergy” as its core to strengthen cooperation around logistics and terminal facility construction, and to build an integrated green methanol storage and transportation network.

In East China, the two parties will centre their collaboration in Shanghai and Ningbo, two major international ports, to further strengthen cooperation in logistics storage and bunkering facility construction to meet the growing demand for green fuels at both ports.

In the Bohai Bay region, with Tianjin as the strategic hub, Towngas will transport green methanol produced at its northern China production base to Royal Vopak’s local storage tank farm, then achieve resource allocation through the Royal Vopak’s distribution network, supporting the supply of green methanol from northern China to the national and Asia-Pacific markets.

The two parties will also target key export markets, such as Singapore, Vietnam, Japan, and South Korea, to accelerate overseas expansion and boost the market competitiveness of clean energy in the Asia-Pacific region.

“Towngas has recently completed a 6,000-tonne green methanol bunkering project, the largest in Asia,” said Sham Man-fai, Towngas Chief Operating Officer – Green Fuel and Chemicals.

“It was completed with the support of Royal Vopak’s Tianjin storage tank farm facilities, laying a solid foundation for this partnership.

“Towngas’s Inner Mongolia green methanol plant is set to increase its annual capacity from 100,000 tonnes to 150,000 tonnes by the end of this year, with plans to further expand to 300,000 tonnes by 2028. Together with Royal Vopak’s storage and terminal services infrastructure and coastal port network, the two parties will build a comprehensive green methanol supply chain network.”

 

Photo credit: Hong Kong and China Gas Company Limited
Published: 8 July 2025

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Interview

DNV: Maritime in APAC undergoes ‘transformative change’ towards growth, sustainability

Newly appointed Senior Vice President & Regional Manager, South East Asia, Pacific & India, Maritime at DNV, Antony DSouza shares the firm’s role in shaping the future of maritime of APAC.

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Newly appointed Regional President & Director of DNV for Southeast Asia, Pacific and Indian Subcontinent Antony DSouza

DNV SVP & Regional Manager, Antony M Dsouza who recently moved to Singapore takes time to speak with bunkering publication Manifold Times to share his thoughts on maritime decarbonisation trends for the APAC region:

MT: How has your first few months as the newly appointed Regional Manager been?

It’s been an exciting and rewarding start. While the maritime business is global in nature, each region brings its own unique dynamics, opportunities, and challenges. Over the past few months, I’ve focused on immersing myself in the region—meeting with clients, engaging with industry stakeholders, and participating in key conferences and forums. These interactions have been invaluable in helping me understand the specific needs and priorities of the Southeast Asia, Pacific, and Indian Subcontinent markets. My goal is to ensure that DNV continues to deliver high-impact, value-adding services tailored to our clients’ realities, while also playing a meaningful role in shaping a safer, smarter, and more sustainable maritime industry in the region.

MT: The maritime industry is going through a lot of change lately. What’s the most exciting trend or development you are seeing within Asia?

The maritime industry across Asia is indeed undergoing transformative change, driven by decarbonization, digitalization, and evolving trade dynamics.

One of the most exciting trends I see emerging in the region is the accelerating momentum towards green shipping and clean energy transition. Governments, ports, and shipowners across Asia are increasingly committing to net-zero targets, investing in alternative fuels like ammonia, methanol, and LNG, and exploring electrification and hybrid solutions for short-sea shipping. This is not just a response to global regulatory pressure but a reflection of the region’s proactive stance in shaping the future of sustainable maritime transport.

Recent outcomes from MEPC 83 have further reinforced this direction. The adoption of new measures, including a greenhouse gas (GHG) fuel-intensity standard coupled with a global pricing and reward mechanism, marks a critical step toward regulatory clarity and accelerating innovation and adoption of low-carbon technologies across Asia.

At the same time, digital transformation is gaining pace. From smart port infrastructure to the adoption of advanced analytics, AI, and remote surveys, digitalization is improving efficiency, safety, and transparency across the value chain. Asia is uniquely positioned to lead in this space due to its strong manufacturing base, tech innovation hubs, and rapidly growing digital ecosystems.

What excites me most is how these trends are converging. The shift towards greener operations is being enabled and accelerated by digital tools, while regional collaboration—such as green shipping corridors and harmonized standards—is becoming more prominent. At DNV, we are actively working with stakeholders across the maritime value chain to navigate these changes, build confidence in new technologies, and support the industry’s transition towards a more sustainable and resilient future.

MT: Sustainability is a big topic in maritime — what’s one small but impactful step you think Asia can do to contribute?

Sustainability is indeed front and centre in the maritime sector, and while large-scale initiatives often dominate the conversation, I believe small, consistent steps can be just as powerful.

One impactful step Asia can take is to focus on greater regional collaboration around data transparency and emissions reporting. By encouraging ports, operators, and logistics partners to share standardized emissions data and operational efficiency metrics, we can build a stronger foundation for decision-making and accelerate the shift to cleaner practices.

This doesn’t require massive investment, but rather a shared commitment to transparency and collaboration. It empowers stakeholders, especially smaller players who may not have access to advanced decarbonization technologies, to benchmark, learn, and improve incrementally. Over time, this collective effort can create a ripple effect across the region, driving behavioural change, supporting regulatory alignment, and ultimately contributing meaningfully to global sustainability goals.

At DNV, we’re supporting this through our work in digital assurance, data validation, and advisory services, helping clients in Asia take practical, data-driven steps towards a more sustainable future.

MT: How is DNV assisting the decarbonization journey of Asian shipowners?

DNV plays a pivotal role in supporting Asian shipowners on their decarbonization journey by combining deep technical expertise, independent assurance, and a strong regional presence. We understand that decarbonization is not a one-size-fits-all process—each owner has different starting points, operating profiles, and investment horizons. That’s why we take a tailored, step-by-step approach to help our clients identify the most viable pathways toward compliance and competitiveness.

We established the Centre of Excellence for Maritime Decarbonization & Smart Shipping back in 2021, to strengthen our support for regional stakeholders. With expert teams based in Singapore, Australia, and India, the Centre serves as a regional hub for strategic advisory and technical support. We assist shipowners in navigating complex regulatory frameworks—including the IMO’s carbon intensity targets, the EU ETS, and FuelEU Maritime—while assessing fleet readiness and identifying optimal decarbonization pathways. The Centre has led key studies on topics such as ammonia bunkering safety, the future of seafarers, and green coastal shipping. It also provides tailored decarbonization plans and guidance on the adoption of alternative fuels and emerging technologies. Supported by digital tools like DNV’s ‘Pathway to Zero’ and the Veracity platform, we help shipowners model fuel scenarios, evaluate technology options, and make confident, data-driven investment decisions.

DNV is also actively working on joint industry projects and pilots involving alternative fuels like ammonia, methanol, and LNG, as well as energy efficiency solutions such as wind-assisted propulsion and shore power integration. Our classification and certification services support the safe uptake of these technologies.

Finally, capacity building is key. We actively engage with regional stakeholders, including shipowners, ports, regulators, and academia through training, technical seminars, and knowledge-sharing forums to help build the ecosystem needed for a successful maritime transition to net zero.

By combining local insight with global best practices, DNV is committed to being a trusted partner in helping Asia’s maritime sector navigate the complex but necessary path toward decarbonization.

MT: Looking ahead, what is your one hope/ wish that you have for the APAC region?

My hope for the APAC region is that it continues to lead with ambition and collaboration in shaping a sustainable maritime future. Achieving decarbonization in the maritime industry requires the commitment of all stakeholders—not just shipowners and operators, but also private companies, industry experts, and policymakers. It is crucial for these groups to work together to address specific challenges such as technology development, financing models, and the regulatory framework needed to advance the sector.

With its diversity, scale, and innovation capacity, APAC has the potential to be a global catalyst for greener, safer, and smarter shipping—and DNV is committed to supporting that journey every step of the way.

 

Photo credit: DNV
Published: 7 July 2025

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