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Infineum shares compatibility of its additives with ammonia bunker fuels

Toby Stein, Infineum Business Transformation Manager, reveals some of the lubricant compatibility work Infineum has undertaken in support of making the use of ammonia as marine fuel a reality.

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Infineum shares compatibility of its additives with ammonia bunker fuels

International fuel additives company Infineum on Tuesday (23 January) published an article on its website, Insight, sharing on lubricant formulation challenges in ammonia-powered marine engines and its studies on assessing compatibility of its additives with ammonia:

As the shipping industry works to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to comply with current International Maritime Organization requirements, it is also assessing ways to meet the 2050 net zero ambition. With ammonia emerging as one of the most promising zero carbon fuel options for shipping, Toby Stein, Infineum Business Transformation Manager, reveals some of the lubricant compatibility work Infineum has undertaken in support of making the use of ammonia as marine fuel a reality.

International shipping, which carries over 80% of world merchandise trade by volume, is reported to be responsible for nearly 3% of all global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. 2023 maritime CO2 emissions were 20% higher than 10 years earlier and, without further action, emissions from the sector are expected to continue to increase.

As the International Maritime Organization (IMO) works towards maritime decarbonisation, it is calling for a reduction in CO2 emissions of at least 40% by 2030 and 70% by 2040 compared to 2008. The organisation has also announced its ambition to reach net zero GHG emissions from international shipping by 2050. In response, the maritime industry has made significant investment in new engine and ship designs and in the infrastructure needed to accelerate the adoption of low or zero carbon fuels, which have the greatest potential to make a significant difference.

Lower carbon alternative fuels, such as biofuels, methanol, ethanol, LNG and LPG are already in use. But, looking ahead, fuels such as green methanol, hydrogen and ammonia, are expected to be the most promising zero carbon marine fuels, and the deep-sea shipping industry has championed ammonia.

m21548 inf insight jan 24 ammonia 1

Ammonia is popular owing to its comparatively higher energy density (with respect to hydrogen) and the wealth of existing knowledge on ammonia handling, storage and infrastructure, which make it well suited to marine applications. However, safety and availability issues remain important barriers that need to be overcome before ammonia can be used at scale as a marine fuel. In addition, shippers say that both regulatory and customer support will be essential to support the installation of ammonia capable engines. Despite these concerns, two-stroke large engine OEMs, including MAN ES and WinGD, have already announced the rapid development of new engine designs and retrofitting strategies to enable ammonia adoption.

Many ship owners, including major shipping companies such as MSC, Grimaldi Group, Hoegh Autoliners, Euronav and CMA-CGM, are reported to be placing orders for new vessels ready to run on alternative fuels in order to give themselves more future fuels flexibility. As of the end of 2023, data suggest some 50% of these new orders have ammonia as an option. And, recent reports show Exmar LPG is moving forward with what may be the world’s first ocean-going ammonia dual-fuelled ships – set for delivery in 2026.

This fairly imminent arrival of ammonia fuelled engines raises numerous complex challenges to other tethered industries. These range, for example, from ports handling ammonia or ammonia powered vessels to ship owners, operators and crews through to companies developing additive chemistries and lubricants.

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Despite the complexity of the challenges, all key parties involved in making the adoption of ammonia as a marine fuel a reality have chosen to tackle the issues head on. For example, lubricant manufacturers and additive suppliers across the globe, including Infineum, are already working to formulate lubricants to help address the challenges of using ammonia to power marine engines.

Collaborative engine testing

At Infineum, one of our first steps has been to work collaboratively with various third party testing laboratories and expert organisations in multiple engine testing facilities using both pure ammonia and ammonia/hydrogen blends. This work has been very successful in enabling us to gain key knowledge regarding safe ammonia handling practices and to quickly establish no harms test methods. In addition, multiple engine tests have given us a rapid understanding of lubricant phenomena and the ability to focus on areas of most challenge or predicted concern.

Engine testing involving ammonia combustion is crucial as it allows the effects of combustion by-products on the lubricant to be studied. Our findings, from a few hours of operation during ammonia engine testing, revealed that the efficiency of ammonia combustion greatly influences the lubricant. This underscores the fact that considerations of ammonia combustion are indispensable for an ammonia-powered vessel to operate at peak performance, hinting at potential challenges in maintaining optimal lubrication.

More engine test data is needed to further refine and develop the most compatible lubricant additives for these next generation engine platforms.

Assessing compatibility

Infineum has implemented customised safety protocols and experimental set ups that enable us to explore the compatibility of our additives with ammonia. Studies on individual additives with ammonia suggest possible incompatibility, which could lead to increased deposit formation and wear. However, under initial observations, minimal changes were noted when a fully formulated marine lubricant was subjected to the same conditions. The latter results suggest that Infineum additives, working together in the lubricant, demonstrate acceptable compatibility with ammonia in controlled laboratory conditions. These learnings are also proving to be helpful in applying knowledge to system oils, which are potentially going to be exposed to ammonia.

m21548 inf insight jan 24 ammonia 3

In the long run, only field testing or formal two-stroke engine testing will confirm these phenomena, and Infineum is ready to move into this next phase of testing.

Conclusion

Subjecting additives to ammonia in a laboratory setting provides an in-depth mechanistic understanding of our chemistries. While it is challenging to perfectly replicate the exposure of a lubricant to an engine environment, these engine tests are crucial. They serve as the foundation for future learning and the development of innovative solutions in the field of ammonia combustion engines.

Infineum believes it is important to be robust and thorough in assessing the suitability of any lubricant technology when crossing over knowledge to new fuels such as ammonia.

The initial knowledge gained from both these bench and engine tests highlight key areas of concern, but the challenges are yet to be fully understood and resolved. More work is needed to fully understand the requirements for lubricants used in ammonia-powered vessels. Nevertheless, the key learnings, along with our approach to ammonia safety, have been shared with OEMs and other industry partners to help provide valuable insights.

Given the recent announcements from WinGD and MAN ES on the rapid progress of the development of large two-stroke ammonia ship engines, the reality of ammonia-powered vessels operating at sea is getting closer. Infineum is fully committed to ensuring that suitable lubricants are ready to support the introduction of ammonia-powered vessels to the global maritime market.

 

Photo credit: Infineum
Published: 30 January, 2024

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Lubricants

Verde Marine Energy expands beyond bunker fuels into marine lubricants

As part of this development, Patrick Koers will join the Verde Marine Energy team as Lubricant Trader and will be responsible for developing and managing the lubricant activities within the company.

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Marine fuel supplier Verde Marine Energy (VME) said it has expanded its service portfolio with the supply and procurement of marine lubricants, from Tuesday (1 September). 

As part of this development, Patrick Koers will join the Verde Marine Energy team as Lubricant Trader.

The addition of marine lubricants marks a further step in broadening Verde Marine Energy’s offering to the maritime industry. Alongside its existing bunker activities, VME will now also support shipowners, operators and other maritime customers with their lubricant requirements.

Koers brings 40 years of experience in shipping and lubricant trading and will be responsible for developing and managing the lubricant activities within Verde Marine Energy. Having previously managed lubricant procurement, he will continue these activities from within VME from 1 September, while further developing the service for third-party customers.

Through the new lubricant service, customers can turn to Verde Marine Energy for the sourcing and procurement of marine lubricants, supported by market knowledge, technical understanding and an international supplier network. The addition also creates the opportunity for customers to combine their marine fuel and lubricant requirements through one point of contact.

In addition to marine lubricants, VME can also source AdBlue and urea products used in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from marine engines. This complements VME’s existing activities aimed at supporting customers with lower-emission solutions.

Joe Tierney, Head of Trading at Verde Marine Energy, said: “Adding lubricants to our portfolio is a natural extension of our existing activities. We already work closely with customers on their marine energy requirements, and this allows us to support them in another important part of their vessel operations. Patrick brings the experience and market knowledge needed to further develop this activity within Verde Marine Energy.”

Koers adds: “I am looking forward to joining Verde Marine Energy and continuing to develop the lubricant business from within VME. By combining the existing lubricant expertise with Verde’s bunker activities and customer network, we see a good opportunity to further strengthen the service we can offer to both existing and new customers.”

With the addition of marine lubricants, Verde Marine Energy further strengthens its service offering and its ability to support customers across their marine fuel and lubricant requirements.

For lubricant enquiries:

Patrick Koers
Lubricant Trader
Verde Marine Energy B.V.
[email protected]
[email protected] 

 

Photo credit: Verde Marine Energy
Published: 2 September, 2026

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Lubricants

Lube Synergy becomes official authorised distributor and channel partner of Petronas Lubricants International

Authorisation covers the marketing, sale, storage and delivery of Petronas marine lubricant products, including but not limited to marine engine oils, hydraulic oils, gear oils, compressor oils and greases.

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Petronas Lubricants 1 MT

Independent European marine lubricants supplier Lube Synergy OÜ on 16 July became an authorised distributor and channel partner of Petronas Lubricants International for the supply and distribution of its marine engine lubricants and related secondary products, learned Manifold Times.

The authorisation covers the marketing, sale, storage and delivery of Petronas marine lubricant products, including but not limited to marine engine oils, hydraulic oils, gear oils, compressor oils and greases, to vessels operating within the designated ports and marine service locations: which includes:

  • Spain
  • Denmark
  • Panama
  • Egypt
  • Netherlands/Belgium/Germany
  • Las Palmas (Canary Islands)
  • Togo
  • South Africa

“We are honoured and deeply appreciative to have been selected as an official authorised distributor and channel partner of Petronas marine engine lubricants,” Aleksandr Antonov, General Manager, Lube Synergy, told the bunkering publication.

“This appointment reflects the confidence placed in Lube Synergy’s capabilities, service standards and commitment to supporting vessel operators with reliable, high-quality lubrication solutions across key marine markets.

“We look forward to working closely with Petronas Lubricants International to deliver value, responsiveness and technical support to our customers and grow the business.”

Petronas Hydraulic 1 MT

Interested parties may contact Lube Synergy below:

Aleksandr Antonov
Genera Manager / Lube Synergy OÜ
Phone: +372 5344 9690
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.lubesynergy.com

 

Photo credit: Lube Synergy
Published: 29 July 2026

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Lubricants

VPS on longer drains, lower cost: The role of oil analysis of synthetic engine oils

With synthetic engine oils playing an increasingly important role in marine operations, Joe Star of VPS, said the key to unlocking the full value of synthetic lubricants is condition-based oil analysis.

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With synthetic engine oils playing an increasingly important role in modern machinery and marine operations, Joe Star, Strategic Account Manager of marine fuels testing company VPS on Tuesday (7 July), said the key to unlocking the full value of synthetic lubricants is condition-based oil analysis:

A Demanding Environment

Across the United States, many vessels operating offshore and across the country’s inland water ways are powered by high-speed engines. These engines provide one of the most demanding lubrication environments for engine oils to manage.

Engines frequently run at high loads, switching between long periods of continuous operation and shorter stints alternating between idling, standby and high loads during manoeuvring.

Such load changes, temperature variations and extreme conditions, along with the unique operating profile, vessels encounter, place extreme stress on engine oils. This results in leading Equipment Manufacturer’s (OEM’s) typically recommending drain intervals averaging only 250 operating hours. As a consequence, operators regularly assess the use of synthetic based oils, given the performance and commercial benefits that can be realised based upon extended drain intervals.

Whilst synthetic oils offer clear and significant performance advantages, the successful adoption and monetisation of a higher unit cost base product, depends upon implementing a structured and effective oil analysis program. 

The Synthetic Difference

As engine designs, pressures and temperatures have continued to evolve to keep pace with fuel efficiency needs and requirements, a similar situation has evolved across lubricating oils. With higher pressures and temperatures, the stress on the oil has never been greater. Requiring sufficient viscosity, stability, oxidation control and wear protection capabilities, to be prioritised by lubricant formulators.

Synthetic oils are typically granted a longer drain interval by the equipment manufacturer (OEM) and are proven to be able to achieve this due to their high Viscosity Index (VI) capabilities and the largely uniform molecular structure when compared to mineral oils.

In mineral-based oils, molecules can vary in size and shape, leading to inconsistent lubrication and film creation and most importantly can exhibit a quicker breakdown under heat and increased rate of oxidation. This leads to the low 250 operating hour drain interval, typically recommended in operation.

In theory, Synthetic oils have been proven to be able to significantly extend drain intervals to more than 5-6 times the OEM recommended mineral equivalent, with no performance or reliability issues. However, monetising and ensuring that this is completed, requires a mindset shift from scheduled drain intervals to a condition-based approach based upon routine oil analysis. Adjusting and extending drain intervals can mitigate the most common issue which challenges this practice, which is external contamination in the form of fuel dilution or water ingress.

External Contamination and Fuel Dilution

Due to the operational nature of many vessels which use high-speed engines as a primary source of propulsion, fuel dilution and water ingress are some of the most common occurrences of external contamination, limiting the lifespan of lubricants within engines.

Through leveraging VPS’ MyLubes digital application, extracting results reported so far in 2026, it can be seen that approximately 26% of all high-speed engine oil analysis, in which distillate fuels were in operation, were reported as either a caution or an alert against relevant limits.

Screenshot 2026 07 07 092933

70% of the cautions and failures reported were through a combination of Viscosity, Flash Point or Base Number; highlighting the fuel and lubricant interaction; as Viscosity failures covered both elevated and lower Viscosity values. Elevated viscosity being a sign of oxidation and lower viscosity indicating fuel dilution respectively.

Fuel dilution is when fuel enters the crankcase or sump and mixes with the engine oil in the system. Typically, it is distillate fuel (Marine Gas Oil) which is the fuel choice for these engines.

Vessel’s that are more susceptible to fuel dilution are vessels which operate on frequent start-stop cycles, prolonged idling and low-load operation, where operational profiles require short bursts of high load, this can promote fuel ingress into the lubricating oil.

Critically, when looking to maximise lubricant lifespan, VPS data shows that approximately 23% of caution/failed high-speed engine oil analysis results are due to fuel dilution, highlighting that in these instances, either mineral or synthetic based lubricants are not being maximised.

Screenshot 2026 07 07 093005

Fuel dilution has a direct impact on overall lubricant performance, notably:

  • Viscosity reduction, leading to increased metal to metal contact
  • Reduced flashpoint, leading to safety risks and onboard management requirements
  • Accelerated lubricant degradation and corrosion, leading to reduced component lifespan

Mineral and Synthetic based oils are both equally susceptible to fuel dilution occurring. In addition there are financial considerations to manage fuel dilution when Synthetic products are in place, due to the increased unit cost. Ensuring prompt detection and resolution is the most effective tool to effectively minimise the real-world impact of fuel dilution on lubrication strategies.

Monetising a more costly lubricant

Whilst typical mineral based engine oils drain intervals are approximately 250-500 hours, depending upon the engine make and model, synthetic oils have been able to extend drain intervals to over 2000 hours. The benefit to operators is clear on paper, with synthetic oils typically costing 2-3 times more than mineral equivalents. Provided drain intervals are extended beyond 3 times the mineral equivalent, a significant budget saving can be achieved by the operator.

Notably this creates a shift in operating mentality, moving from a time-based approach to a condition-based assessment of oil quality; meaning that a robust oil analysis programme and sampling interval becomes more important, not less.

In addition to providing the most effective early warning with regards to fuel dilution and contamination, a robust Oil Condition Monitoring (OCM) programme is the critical enabler to safely and reliably extending drain intervals with synthetic, or mineral based engine oils.

At a high level, based upon operational experience, VPS’s core recommendations for an effective programme to support extended drains include:

  • Sampling intervals at least twice per drain cycle: Increasing frequency if fuel dilution is observed, or engines are operated at low loads for extended periods
  • In practice, sampling every 200-300 hours is strongly recommended, typically 6-8 times per drain interval for Synthetic lubricants
  • Oil samples to be taken following representative running of the engine
  • Close monitoring of any deviation of trends, through digital platforms
  • Integration of lubricant sampling and data into Maintenance systems
  • Assessment of common limiting factors across fleets and engine types

Lowering Cost

Fundamentally, with high-speed diesel engines being the workhorse of inland waterborne transportation and offshore vessels; lubricants will be a critical part of the total system and subsequent operating cost.

Synthetic based products offer a benefit on paper when compared to mineral oils, however if such products are consumed at the same rate as mineral oils, there is no benefit to expenditure, and more money is spent for the same outcome.

Drain intervals can only be safely extended, and subsequently monetised, through a robust oil analysis programme. In the demanding environment of inland and offshore operations, oil analysis provides more than a measure of lubricant condition; it also delivers valuable insight into the condition of the engine itself. By routinely monitoring oil health, identifying contamination, wear trends and degradation at an early stage, operators can take timely corrective action, protect engine reliability, extend oil life and ultimately reduce operating costs.

 

Photo credit: VPS
Published: 8 July, 2026

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